Reaction between citric acid and potassium permanganate:- 6H⁺ + 5C₆H₈O₇ + 2MnO₄⁻  → 5C₅H₆O₅ + 5CO₂ + 8H₂O + 2Mn₂⁺

**Reaction Between Potassium Permanganate and Citric Acid**

**Introduction:**
Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a strong oxidizing agent, while citric acid (C6H8O7) is a weak organic acid commonly found in fruits. When these two substances are combined, a redox reaction takes place.

**Redox Reaction:**
The reaction between potassium permanganate and citric acid is a redox reaction, where the permanganate ion (MnO4-) acts as an oxidizing agent, and the citric acid molecule acts as a reducing agent. The overall balanced equation for this reaction is as follows:

2 KMnO4 + 3 C6H8O7 → K2MnO4 + 2 MnO2 + 3 H2O + 6 CO2

**Explanation:**
1. In the reaction, the permanganate ion (MnO4-) oxidizes the citric acid molecule (C6H8O7) by accepting electrons from it.
2. The permanganate ion is reduced from the +7 oxidation state to the +4 oxidation state, forming manganese dioxide (MnO2).
3. The citric acid molecule is oxidized, losing electrons and forming carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
4. The potassium ions (K+) from the potassium permanganate react with the remaining citric acid to form potassium citrate (K2C6H6O7).

**Color Change:**
During the reaction, the deep purple color of the potassium permanganate solution fades as it is reduced to manganese dioxide, which is brown in color. This color change is a visual indication of the progress of the reaction.

**Applications:**
1. Redox reactions involving potassium permanganate and citric acid can be used in various industries, such as water treatment and chemical analysis.
2. Potassium permanganate is commonly used as an oxidizing agent to remove impurities and organic matter from water.
3. Citric acid is used in the food and beverage industry as a flavoring agent and preservative.

**Conclusion:**
The reaction between potassium permanganate and citric acid is a redox reaction where the permanganate ion acts as an oxidizing agent and the citric acid molecule acts as a reducing agent. The reaction results in the formation of manganese dioxide, carbon dioxide, water, and potassium citrate. This reaction has various applications in different industries, including water treatment and the food and beverage industry.