Option d is correct bcz according to ncert chemicals evolution is given by oparin and Halden is most acceptable and Miller also prove this

The correct answer to the question is option 'D': None of them.

Explanation:
The basis of the origin of life is a topic that has intrigued scientists for centuries. While there are several theories proposed to explain the origin of life, none of them can be definitively proven at this time. Let's explore each of the given options and why they are not the basis of the origin of life.

a) Spontaneous generation:
Spontaneous generation is the theory that living organisms can arise from non-living matter. This theory was widely accepted in the past, but it has been disproven through scientific experiments. Louis Pasteur's swan-neck flask experiment in the 19th century conclusively demonstrated that life does not spontaneously arise from non-living matter. Therefore, spontaneous generation is not the basis of the origin of life.

b) God's desire:
The concept of God's desire or divine intervention in the origin of life is a religious belief rather than a scientific explanation. Science focuses on understanding natural phenomena through observation, experimentation, and evidence-based reasoning. While many people believe in a divine creator, this belief is outside the scope of scientific inquiry. Therefore, God's desire is not the basis of the origin of life from a scientific perspective.

c) Sunlight on mud:
Sunlight on mud is a reference to the theory of abiogenesis, also known as the primordial soup theory. According to this theory, life originated from a mixture of organic compounds in the early Earth's oceans or shallow pools. The energy from sunlight, along with other environmental factors, could have facilitated the formation of complex organic molecules, eventually leading to the emergence of life. While this theory is plausible and supported by experimental evidence, it is not the definitive basis of the origin of life.

d) None of them:
The correct answer is 'None of them' because the origin of life is still a subject of scientific investigation and debate. Scientists continue to explore various theories and hypotheses to understand the processes that may have led to the emergence of life on Earth. Some of the prominent theories include the primordial soup theory, the panspermia hypothesis, and the hydrothermal vent theory. However, none of these theories have been proven beyond doubt, and the exact basis of the origin of life remains unknown.

In conclusion, the correct answer to the question is option 'D': None of them. The origin of life is a complex and fascinating topic that requires further scientific exploration and evidence before a definitive answer can be provided.