Answer:

The answer is Cinnabar.

Explanation:

The ore of mercury is cinnabar. Its formula is HgS and is called mercury(ii) sulfide.

Mercury ore is obtained through the extraction process. Following steps are involved in the process

Step 1- In first step, ore is roasted.

2HgS + 3 o2  = 2HgO+ 2 SO2

Step 2- In this step, the mercury oxide is heated strongly at a 300-celsius temperature. Mercury oxide decomposes at this temperature and pure mercury metal is obtained.

2HgO+ heat = 2Hg  + o2.

Ore of Mercury:
The ore of mercury is called cinnabar, which is a red-colored mineral composed of mercury(II) sulfide (HgS). It is the primary source of mercury in the world.

Extraction of Mercury from Cinnabar:
The extraction of mercury from cinnabar involves a combination of physical and chemical processes. Here is a detailed explanation of the extraction process:

1. Crushing and Roasting:
- The cinnabar ore is first crushed into small particles.
- It is then heated in a furnace in the presence of oxygen to convert the mercury sulfide (HgS) into mercury vapor (Hg) and sulfur dioxide (SO2).
- The chemical reaction is as follows:
HgS(s) + O2(g) → Hg(g) + SO2(g)

2. Condensation:
- The mercury vapor produced in the roasting process is then cooled and condensed to convert it back into a liquid state.
- This is achieved by passing the mercury vapor through a series of condensation tubes, where it is cooled and collected as liquid mercury.
- The condensation process allows the separation of mercury from other gases and impurities.

3. Purification:
- The collected liquid mercury may contain impurities such as sulfur, other metals, or organic compounds.
- To purify the mercury, it is typically subjected to distillation.
- Distillation involves heating the liquid mercury to a high temperature to vaporize it. The vapor is then condensed and collected as purified mercury.
- This process helps to remove impurities and obtain high-purity mercury.

4. Storage and Use:
- The purified mercury is stored in appropriate containers to prevent its escape into the environment.
- Mercury is a valuable metal used in various applications such as thermometers, barometers, electrical switches, and fluorescent lights.
- It is important to handle and dispose of mercury properly due to its toxic nature.

Summary:
- The ore of mercury, cinnabar, is first crushed and then roasted to convert mercury sulfide (HgS) into mercury vapor and sulfur dioxide.
- The mercury vapor is condensed to obtain liquid mercury.
- The liquid mercury is then purified through distillation to remove impurities.
- The purified mercury is stored and used in various applications.