Which factor brings out clearly the feudal nature of regional states f...
Subinfeudation is the practice by which tenants, holding land under the king or other superior lord, carved out new and distinct tenures in their turn by sub-letting or alienating a part of their lands.
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Which factor brings out clearly the feudal nature of regional states f...
The factor that clearly brings out the feudal nature of regional states from 800 to 1200 A.D. is the practice of sub-infeudation.
Explanation:
- Sub-infeudation refers to the process in which a vassal would divide their land and grant portions of it to their own vassals, creating a hierarchical system of land ownership.
- This practice was prevalent during the feudal period, where the king or lord would grant land to a vassal in exchange for their loyalty and military service.
- The vassal would then sub-infeudate their land, granting smaller portions of it to their own vassals, who in turn would owe them loyalty and military service.
- This created a complex web of feudal relationships, with each vassal owing allegiance to their immediate superior and ultimately to the king or lord.
- The vassals held their land as a fief, which was a hereditary right, and they had the power to govern and collect revenue from their own vassals.
- The vassals were responsible for providing military support to their superior in times of war and maintaining law and order in their territories.
- In return, the vassals received protection and support from their superior, who had the authority to settle disputes and provide justice.
- This hierarchical structure of land ownership and loyalty clearly reflects the feudal nature of regional states during this period.
In contrast, the other options do not adequately capture the feudal nature of regional states during this time:
- Part of the revenue being sent to the king was a common practice in feudal systems, but it does not specifically highlight the sub-infeudation and hierarchical land ownership characteristic of feudalism.
- The idea of breaking the oath of loyalty to the king being regarded as an atrocious crime is a general characteristic of feudal systems, but it does not directly address the sub-infeudation aspect.
- The granting of land to officers and select holders like Brahmanas by the king is a practice that can be found in feudal systems, but it does not explicitly emphasize the sub-infeudation and hierarchical land ownership that define feudalism.
Therefore, option A, the practice of sub-infeudation, is the factor that brings out clearly the feudal nature of regional states from 800 to 1200 A.D.