Grafted kidney may be rejected in a patient due to :[2015 RS]a)Cell-midiated immune responseb)Passive immune responsec)Innate immune responsed)Humoral immune responseCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Answer

CMI is responsible for graft rejection

Answer

When some human organs like heart, eye, liver, kidney fail to function satisfactorily, transplantation is the only remedy to enable the patient to live a normal life

•For this a suitable donor is required. Grafts from just any source – an animal, another primate, or any human beings cannot be made since the grafts would be rejected sooner or later. Tissue matching, blood group matching are essential before undertaking any graft/transplant and even after this the patient has to take immuno–suppresants all his/her life. The body is able to differentiate ‘self ’ and ‘nonself’ and the cell-mediated immune response is responsible for the graft rejection

Grafted kidney may be rejected in a patient due to the cell-mediated immune response that is mediated by T-lymphocytes.

Answer

Cell mediated immunity

Answer

Cell mediate immunity is responsible for. graft rejection

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Correct answer is option.a

Answer

Rejection of a grafted kidney in a patient can occur due to cell-mediated immune response.

Cell-Mediated Immune Response:
The cell-mediated immune response is an immune response that involves the activation of T cells to target and destroy specific antigens. In the case of a grafted kidney, the T cells recognize the antigens on the surface of the donor kidney as foreign and mount an immune response against it. This immune response can lead to rejection of the transplanted kidney.

Mechanism of Rejection:
When a kidney transplant is performed, the donor kidney is recognized by the recipient's immune system as foreign. This triggers an immune response, which involves the activation of T cells. These T cells recognize the antigens on the surface of the donor kidney cells and become activated. Once activated, the T cells release cytokines and other immune molecules that recruit other immune cells to the site of the graft.

The activated T cells can directly attack and destroy the donor kidney cells through various mechanisms, including the release of cytotoxic molecules. Additionally, these activated T cells can also recruit other immune cells, such as macrophages, to the graft site, further contributing to the destruction of the transplanted kidney.

Factors Influencing Rejection:
Several factors can influence the rejection of a grafted kidney through the cell-mediated immune response. These include:
1. Histocompatibility: Mismatch in the histocompatibility antigens between the donor and recipient can increase the risk of rejection.
2. Immunosuppressive Medications: Non-compliance with immunosuppressive medications can lead to a higher risk of rejection.
3. Infections: Infections can trigger the immune response and increase the risk of rejection.
4. Repeated Rejection Episodes: Repeated rejection episodes can lead to chronic rejection, which is more difficult to treat and can lead to graft failure.

Prevention and Treatment:
To prevent rejection, patients who receive a kidney transplant are often prescribed immunosuppressive medications. These medications work by suppressing the immune response, thereby reducing the risk of rejection. However, even with immunosuppressive therapy, rejection can still occur. In such cases, the treatment may involve adjusting the immunosuppressive regimen or administering additional medications to control the immune response.

In conclusion, the rejection of a grafted kidney in a patient is primarily due to the cell-mediated immune response. The activation of T cells and their subsequent attack on the donor kidney cells lead to the destruction of the transplanted organ. Understanding the mechanisms of rejection and appropriate immunosuppressive therapy are crucial for the success of kidney transplantation.

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