The RNA that picks up specific amino acids from the amino acid pool in the cytoplasm to ribosome during protein synthesis is called tRNA.

Protein synthesis is the process by which cells build proteins, and it involves the translation of the genetic code in mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids to form a protein. tRNA, or transfer RNA, plays a crucial role in this process by carrying the specific amino acids to the ribosome, where they are added to the growing polypeptide chain.

What is tRNA?
- tRNA is a type of RNA molecule that is responsible for transferring amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
- It is a small, single-stranded RNA molecule that is about 70-90 nucleotides long.
- Each tRNA molecule has a specific anticodon sequence that is complementary to a specific codon on the mRNA.
- At the other end of the tRNA molecule, the amino acid corresponding to the anticodon is attached.

Role of tRNA in protein synthesis:
1. Amino Acid Attachment: tRNA molecules first pick up specific amino acids from the amino acid pool in the cytoplasm. This attachment occurs in a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes. Each amino acid is attached to the 3' end of a specific tRNA molecule, forming an aminoacyl-tRNA complex.

2. Recognition of Codons: Once the tRNA molecules are loaded with their respective amino acids, they recognize and bind to the specific codons on the mRNA sequence during translation.
- The tRNA anticodon is complementary to the mRNA codon, allowing for precise base pairing.
- This recognition ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain.

3. Peptide Bond Formation: The ribosome facilitates the formation of peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids carried by tRNA molecules, resulting in the elongation of the polypeptide chain.

4. Translocation: After the peptide bond formation, the ribosome moves along the mRNA strand, and the tRNA molecules are released from the ribosome. The empty tRNA molecules are then recharged with new amino acids and can participate in further rounds of protein synthesis.

In summary, tRNA plays a crucial role in protein synthesis by carrying specific amino acids to the ribosome and ensuring that the correct amino acid sequence is incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain. The specific anticodon sequence of tRNA allows for recognition and binding to the mRNA codons, facilitating accurate translation of the genetic code.