Gene Sanctuary:
A gene sanctuary refers to a protected area or a nature reserve that is specifically designated for the conservation and protection of genetic resources, particularly plant and animal species. These sanctuaries play a crucial role in preserving and maintaining the genetic diversity of various species, which is essential for their long-term survival and ecosystem stability.

Tura Range Sanctuary:
The Tura Range Sanctuary is located in the West Garo Hills district of Meghalaya, India. It is a designated gene sanctuary that aims to protect and conserve the genetic resources of the region. The sanctuary covers an area of approximately 2,150 hectares and is characterized by its rich biodiversity and unique ecosystems.

Biodiversity in Tura Range Sanctuary:
The Tura Range Sanctuary is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, including several endangered and endemic species. The sanctuary is densely forested and consists of various forest types, such as tropical moist deciduous forests, sub-tropical forests, and bamboo forests. This diverse habitat supports a range of plant species, including medicinal plants, orchids, and endemic tree species.

The sanctuary is also inhabited by numerous animal species, including mammals like elephants, tigers, leopards, deer, and primates. It is an important habitat for several bird species, reptiles, and amphibians as well. The presence of such a diverse array of species highlights the ecological significance of the Tura Range Sanctuary.

Conservation Initiatives:
The Tura Range Sanctuary has been designated as a gene sanctuary to protect the genetic resources found within its boundaries. The sanctuary is managed by the Meghalaya Forest Department and various conservation measures are implemented to ensure the preservation of genetic diversity. These initiatives include:

1. Protection and Monitoring: The sanctuary is protected from human encroachment, illegal logging, and poaching activities. Regular monitoring is conducted to keep track of the population trends and ecological health of the species within the sanctuary.

2. Habitat Restoration: Efforts are made to restore degraded habitats within the sanctuary through reforestation and afforestation programs. This helps in creating suitable habitats for various species and enhances their chances of survival.

3. Awareness and Education: The local communities are educated about the importance of biodiversity conservation and the role of gene sanctuaries. Awareness programs are conducted to promote sustainable practices and reduce human-wildlife conflicts.

4. Research and Documentation: Scientific research and documentation of the flora and fauna within the sanctuary are carried out to understand the ecological processes and contribute to the knowledge base for conservation efforts.

Conclusion:
The Tura Range Sanctuary in Meghalaya is a gene sanctuary that plays a crucial role in conserving the genetic resources of the region. By protecting the rich biodiversity and ecosystems within its boundaries, the sanctuary ensures the long-term survival of numerous plant and animal species. The conservation initiatives implemented in the sanctuary contribute to the preservation of genetic diversity and promote sustainable practices for the benefit of present and future generations.