Convergent evolution is the formation of similar traits by unrelated groups of organisms. Dogfish and whale are the interesting examples of convergent evolution in animals as both of them have more or less similar body organization.

Convergent evolution refers to the process by which distantly related organisms independently evolve similar traits to adapt to similar environmental challenges. One example of convergent evolution is seen in dogfish and whale.

The process of convergent evolution can be explained in the following ways:

Similarities between dogfish and whale:
Both dogfish and whales are aquatic animals that have evolved similar body shapes to adapt to their environment. Both have streamlined bodies with dorsal fins and tail flukes that help them swim efficiently through the water. They also have blubber to keep them warm in cold water.

Differences between dogfish and whale:
Despite their similarities, dogfish and whales are not closely related. Dogfish are cartilaginous fish, while whales are mammals. The two groups diverged from a common ancestor hundreds of millions of years ago. Therefore, the similarities between dogfish and whales are a result of convergent evolution, not shared ancestry.

Adaptive radiation:
Convergent evolution often occurs as part of a larger process called adaptive radiation. Adaptive radiation occurs when a single ancestral species evolves into a variety of different species to adapt to different environments. Therefore, the similarities between dogfish and whales may be the result of adaptive radiation in their respective lineages.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the similarities between dogfish and whales are an example of convergent evolution. Despite being distantly related, the two groups have evolved similar traits to adapt to their aquatic environment. This is a result of adaptive radiation in their respective lineages.