Test for Heredity and Evolution:

To assess the understanding of the concepts related to heredity and evolution, a test can be developed, covering various aspects of the chapter. Here is a sample test that includes questions on key topics of heredity and evolution.

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Which of the following is not a hereditary material?
a) DNA
b) RNA
c) Protein
d) All of the above

2. The process by which variations are created in a population over a long period of time is called:
a) Heredity
b) Adaptation
c) Evolution
d) Natural selection

3. Mendel's experiments were based on the study of:
a) Inherited traits in pea plants
b) Inherited traits in humans
c) Acquired traits in pea plants
d) Acquired traits in humans

4. The theory of natural selection was proposed by:
a) Charles Darwin
b) Gregor Mendel
c) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
d) Alfred Russel Wallace

Section B: Short Answer Questions

1. Define heredity and evolution.

2. Explain the process of sexual reproduction and its role in generating genetic variations.

3. Differentiate between acquired and inherited traits with suitable examples.

Section C: Long Answer Questions

1. Describe Gregor Mendel's experiments on inheritance in pea plants.

2. Explain the theory of natural selection proposed by Charles Darwin. Provide suitable examples to support your answer.

3. Discuss the evidences for evolution.

4. How does the study of fossils provide evidence for evolution? Explain with examples.

Section D: Application-Based Questions

1. A population of butterflies consists of green and brown-colored individuals. Due to environmental changes, the green-colored butterflies are more visible to predators, resulting in higher predation rates. Predict the future trend in the population.

2. A species of birds has developed a longer beak over several generations. Explain how this adaptation could have occurred and its significance for survival.

3. In a population of rabbits, some individuals have longer hind limbs compared to others. Explain how this trait could have evolved over time.

Section E: Diagram-Based Questions

1. Label the parts of a flower involved in sexual reproduction.

2. Draw and label the stages of mitosis.

3. Diagrammatically represent the process of natural selection.

Remember to allocate appropriate marks for each question and provide detailed explanations wherever necessary. This test will assess the students' understanding of key concepts, their ability to apply knowledge to real-life scenarios, and their analytical skills.

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