A trait in an organism is influenced by both maternal and paternal DNA.....

Introduction:
Inheritance is the process by which traits are passed from one generation to the next. These traits can be influenced by both maternal and paternal DNA, as both contribute genetic information to the offspring. This answer will explain why option 'C' - both maternal and paternal DNA - is the correct answer.

Explanation:
1. Genetic Material:
The genetic material of an organism is contained within its DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA is composed of genes, which are segments of DNA that code for specific traits. Each parent contributes half of the genetic material to the offspring, with one half coming from the maternal DNA and the other half from the paternal DNA.

2. Chromosomes:
DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, with one set inherited from the mother and the other set inherited from the father. These chromosomes contain genes that determine various traits, such as eye color, hair color, and height.

3. Alleles:
Within each gene, there can be different versions called alleles. For example, the gene for eye color may have alleles for brown, blue, or green eyes. These alleles can be inherited from either the mother or the father. The combination of alleles inherited from both parents determines the phenotype, or physical appearance, of the trait.

4. Dominant and Recessive Traits:
Some alleles are dominant, meaning their effects are seen even if only one copy is present. Other alleles are recessive, meaning their effects are only seen if two copies are present. The dominance or recessiveness of an allele can determine the expression of a trait in an organism.

5. Mendelian Inheritance:
The principles of inheritance were first described by Gregor Mendel, who conducted experiments with pea plants. Mendel's laws of inheritance explain how traits are passed from one generation to the next. These laws include the law of segregation, which states that alleles separate during gamete formation, and the law of independent assortment, which states that alleles for different traits are inherited independently of each other.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, a trait in an organism is influenced by both maternal and paternal DNA. Each parent contributes genetic material in the form of chromosomes, genes, and alleles, which determine the expression of traits in the offspring. Understanding the principles of inheritance helps explain how traits are passed down through generations.