The correct answer is option B: Rods, cones, neurons, and neuroglia.

Retina is a thin layer of tissue located at the back of the eyeball. It plays a crucial role in the process of vision by converting light into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. The retina consists of several different cell types, including rods, cones, neurons, and neuroglia.

1. Rods: Rods are photoreceptor cells that are responsible for vision in dim light conditions. They are highly sensitive to light and are mainly responsible for black and white vision. Rods are more abundant in the periphery of the retina.

2. Cones: Cones are another type of photoreceptor cells that are responsible for color vision and visual acuity. They are less sensitive to light but can detect different wavelengths of light, allowing us to see different colors. Cones are mainly concentrated in the central part of the retina called the fovea.

3. Neurons: The retina contains several layers of neurons that process and transmit visual information. These neurons include bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and amacrine cells. Bipolar cells receive signals from photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) and transmit them to ganglion cells. Ganglion cells are the output neurons of the retina that send visual information to the brain via the optic nerve. Amacrine cells play a role in modulating and refining the visual signals transmitted through the retina.

4. Neuroglia: Neuroglia, also known as glial cells, are non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection to the neurons in the retina. They help maintain the structural integrity of the retina and provide nutrients to the neurons. Neuroglia also play a role in regulating the chemical environment of the retina and modulating neuronal activity.

In summary, the retina of the vertebrate eye consists of rods, cones, neurons, and neuroglia. These different cell types work together to convert light into electrical signals, process visual information, and transmit it to the brain for interpretation.