The correct answer is option 'B' - Dipole moments are used to calculate the polarization patterns.

Explanation:

Dipole moments are a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a system. They are commonly used in physics and electrical engineering to describe the behavior of electric dipoles, which are pairs of equal and opposite charges separated by a distance.

Polarization is a property of a dielectric material or medium where the charges within the material are displaced in response to an external electric field. It is a vector quantity that describes the alignment and distribution of electric dipoles within the material.

The polarization pattern refers to the arrangement of electric dipoles in a dielectric material when it is subjected to an external electric field. The dipole moments of individual dipoles contribute to the overall polarization pattern.

Here is a detailed explanation of how dipole moments are used to calculate the polarization patterns:

1. Definition of dipole moment:
- The dipole moment, denoted as p, is defined as the product of the magnitude of the charge and the separation distance between the positive and negative charges in an electric dipole.
- Mathematically, p = q * d, where q is the magnitude of the charge and d is the separation distance.

2. Electric field and dipole moment:
- An electric field is a region in which a charged particle experiences a force.
- The electric field intensity (answer choice 'A') is the force experienced by a unit positive charge placed in an electric field.
- The dipole moment of an electric dipole interacts with the electric field and experiences a torque, resulting in an alignment of the dipole with the field.

3. Relationship between dipole moment and polarization:
- The polarization of a dielectric material is directly related to the dipole moment of the individual dipoles within the material.
- When an external electric field is applied to a dielectric material, the electric dipoles align themselves with the field, resulting in a net polarization of the material.
- The polarization vector, denoted as P, is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. Mathematically, P = Σp / V, where Σp is the sum of all the dipole moments in the volume V.

4. Calculation of polarization patterns:
- By knowing the dipole moments of the individual dipoles within a dielectric material, one can calculate the overall polarization pattern of the material.
- This information is crucial in understanding the behavior of the material in the presence of an electric field and is used in various applications, such as designing capacitors, dielectric materials, and antennas.

In conclusion, dipole moments are used to calculate the polarization patterns in dielectric materials when they are subjected to an external electric field. The dipole moments of the individual dipoles within the material contribute to the overall polarization, which describes the alignment and distribution of electric dipoles.