Ala-ud-din Khalji said the mentioned statement.

Explanation:
Ala-ud-din Khalji was the second ruler of the Khalji dynasty in medieval India. He ascended the throne in 1296 after assassinating his uncle and predecessor, Jalal-ud-din Khalji. Ala-ud-din Khalji is known for his administrative reforms, military conquests, and strict rule.

During his reign, Ala-ud-din Khalji implemented several policies that aimed at strengthening the state and consolidating his power. One of his notable policies was the introduction of price control measures to regulate the economy. He imposed strict price controls on various commodities, including food grains and luxury items, to prevent hoarding and ensure the availability of essential goods at affordable prices.

The statement, "I do not know whether this is lawful or not; whether I think to be for the good of the state or opportune for the emergency, that I decree," reflects Ala-ud-din Khalji's autocratic style of ruling. It highlights his willingness to go against established norms and laws if he believed it was for the benefit of the state or an emergency situation demanded it.

Ala-ud-din Khalji's policies were often driven by his desire to maintain a strong and prosperous kingdom. He believed that strict control over the economy and the population was necessary for the welfare of the state. His price control measures, though controversial, were aimed at ensuring social stability and preventing inflation.

Ala-ud-din Khalji's reign was marked by military conquests, including successful campaigns against the Mongols and the southern kingdoms of Deccan. He expanded the boundaries of his empire and established a centralized administration to govern the vast territories under his control.

In conclusion, Ala-ud-din Khalji, the second ruler of the Khalji dynasty, made the mentioned statement. His rule was characterized by strict control over the economy, military conquests, and an autocratic style of governance.