Agenda 21 is an action plan adopted by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992. It is a comprehensive blueprint of actions to be taken globally, nationally, and locally by organizations of the United Nations System, governments, and major groups in every area in which humans impact the environment.

Agenda 21 aims to promote sustainable development, which is defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It seeks to integrate economic, social, and environmental considerations in decision-making at all levels, from the global to the local.

Components of Agenda 21:

1. Sustainable Development:

Agenda 21 recognizes that sustainable development is essential for the well-being of people and the planet. It aims to promote economic growth, social development, and environmental protection in a balanced and integrated manner.

2. Poverty Reduction:

Agenda 21 recognizes the need to eradicate poverty as a prerequisite for sustainable development. It calls for the provision of basic needs such as food, shelter, and healthcare, and the promotion of education, gender equality, and human rights.

3. Environmental Protection:

Agenda 21 aims to protect the environment and natural resources for present and future generations. It calls for the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of natural resources, and the prevention of pollution and degradation of the environment.

4. Sustainable Consumption and Production:

Agenda 21 recognizes the need to change consumption and production patterns to achieve sustainable development. It calls for the promotion of sustainable lifestyles, the reduction of waste and pollution, and the adoption of cleaner technologies.

5. Stakeholder Participation:

Agenda 21 recognizes that the participation of all stakeholders, including governments, civil society organizations, and the private sector, is essential for the achievement of sustainable development. It calls for the involvement of stakeholders at all levels of decision-making.

Conclusion:

Agenda 21 is a comprehensive plan of action for achieving sustainable development. It recognizes the interdependence of economic, social, and environmental issues and the need for integrated solutions. Its implementation requires the participation of all stakeholders and the adoption of a long-term perspective.

Agenda 21 is a non - binding, voluntarily implemented action plan of the United Nations with regard to sustainable development.