Improper handling and storage of cereal grains and oilseeds result in ...
Aflatoxins are naturally occurring mycotoxins that are produced by many species of Aspergillus, a fungus.
The term "mould" is a common name having no taxonomic significance. It is applied to a variety of fungi which grow as semi-microscopic organisms, and whose mycelium tends to form a loose meshwork rather than a dense tissue.
View all questions of this test
Improper handling and storage of cereal grains and oilseeds result in ...
Aflatoxin Production by Moulds
Aflatoxins are a group of toxins produced by certain species of moulds, known as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. These moulds grow on cereal grains and oilseeds such as peanuts, cottonseed, and corn when they are stored in warm and humid conditions. Aflatoxin is a potent carcinogen and can lead to liver damage, immune system suppression, and other health problems.
Mechanism of Aflatoxin Production
The moulds produce aflatoxin as a secondary metabolite during their growth and reproduction. The process involves several steps as follows:
1. Contamination: The mould spores contaminate the cereals and oilseeds during harvesting, transportation, and storage.
2. Germination: When the spores come in contact with warm and moist conditions, they germinate and grow into a visible mould colony.
3. Mycotoxin Production: The moulds produce aflatoxin as they grow and reproduce. The production is influenced by various factors such as temperature, humidity, nutrient availability, and pH.
4. Accumulation: The aflatoxin accumulates in the contaminated grains and oilseeds, and can reach dangerous levels if the conditions are favorable for mould growth.
Impact of Aflatoxin on Human Health
Aflatoxin is a potent carcinogen and can cause liver cancer if consumed in high doses over a long period. It can also suppress the immune system and cause other health problems such as stunted growth in children, malnutrition, and digestive disorders.
Prevention and Control of Aflatoxin Contamination
Aflatoxin contamination can be prevented and controlled by following good agricultural and storage practices such as:
1. Timely harvesting and drying of crops to reduce moisture levels.
2. Proper cleaning and sorting of the grains and oilseeds to remove damaged and infected kernels.
3. Using safe storage facilities such as dry and well-ventilated warehouses.
4. Regular monitoring and testing of the grain and oilseed samples for aflatoxin contamination.
Conclusion
Aflatoxin is a potent toxin produced by certain species of moulds that grow on cereal grains and oilseeds. It can cause serious health problems if consumed in high doses over a long period. Prevention and control of aflatoxin contamination require good agricultural and storage practices, regular monitoring, and testing of the grain and oilseed samples.