The Constitution of India

The correct answer is option 'D', which states that the Constitution of India came into effect on 26th January 1950. This date holds significant importance in the history of India as it marks the day when India became a sovereign democratic republic.

Background
Before understanding why 26th January 1950 is the correct answer, it is essential to know the background and the process of the Constitution-making in India.

- After gaining independence from British rule on 15th August 1947, India became a dominion within the British Commonwealth. However, it did not have a permanent constitution at that time.
- The drafting of the Constitution began in 1947 under the leadership of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who chaired the drafting committee.
- The Constituent Assembly, comprising elected representatives from different parts of the country, was responsible for drafting and adopting the Constitution.
- The Constituent Assembly held its first meeting on 9th December 1946, and its members deliberated on various aspects of the Constitution for almost three years.

Adoption of the Constitution
- The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949.
- After the adoption, it was signed by the President of the Constituent Assembly, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, and other members.
- However, the Constitution did not come into effect immediately after its adoption.

Commencement of the Constitution
- The Constitution of India was not enforced immediately after its adoption because the Constituent Assembly wanted to give the people of India some time to prepare for the new system.
- Thus, the Constitution was enforced and came into effect on 26th January 1950, which is celebrated as Republic Day in India.
- On this day, the Indian government became a fully democratic republic, and the President of India replaced the Governor-General as the head of state.
- The Constitution established the framework for a parliamentary system, fundamental rights, and the separation of powers among the executive, judiciary, and legislature.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the Constitution of India came into effect on 26th January 1950. This date is significant as it symbolizes the transition of India from a British dominion to a sovereign democratic republic. The adoption of the Constitution on 26th November 1949 set the stage for this historic event.