The second most commonly spoken language in India is Bengali. Here, we will explore the reasons behind Bengali being the second most spoken language in India, after Hindi.

1. Population and Geographic Distribution:
- Bengali is primarily spoken in the Indian state of West Bengal and the neighboring country of Bangladesh. These regions have a significant population, contributing to the widespread use of Bengali in India.
- West Bengal, with its capital Kolkata, is the fourth-most populous state in India. The population density and large number of Bengali speakers in this region contribute to the language's prominence.

2. Historical Significance:
- Bengali has a rich historical and cultural background. It played a crucial role in the Bengal Renaissance, a period of social, cultural, and intellectual awakening in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
- Prominent figures like Rabindranath Tagore, the first non-European Nobel laureate in Literature, have contributed significantly to the language's prestige and popularity.

3. Literature and Arts:
- Bengali has a vibrant literary tradition, dating back centuries. Bengali literature encompasses various genres, including poetry, novels, short stories, and plays.
- The works of renowned authors like Rabindranath Tagore, Kazi Nazrul Islam, and Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay have greatly influenced not only Bengali literature but also Indian literature as a whole.
- Bengali cinema, known as "Tollywood," is also a significant industry, producing numerous influential films.

4. Education and Media:
- Bengali is widely taught in schools and universities in West Bengal and other Bengali-speaking regions. The availability of educational resources and institutions further promotes the language.
- Bengali newspapers, magazines, television channels, and radio stations cater to a vast audience, reinforcing the language's usage and importance.

In conclusion, the historical significance, population distribution, literary heritage, and media presence contribute to Bengali being the second most commonly spoken language in India. Its prominence in West Bengal, Bangladesh, and the influence of notable figures and cultural movements have solidified its position as a widely spoken language in the country.