The Fort St. George of the English East India Company was situated at Madras (option B).

Explanation:

Introduction:
- The English East India Company was a British trading company formed for the exploration and trade of the Eastern regions of the world.
- The company played a significant role in the establishment of British colonial rule in India.

Fort St. George:
- Fort St. George was the first major English fortress and trading post established in India by the English East India Company.
- It was built in 1639 and served as the headquarters of the company's operations in the Coromandel Coast, present-day Tamil Nadu.
- The fort was strategically located on the southeastern coast of India, providing easy access to trade routes and protecting British interests in the region.

Reasons for Choosing Madras:
- Madras (now known as Chennai) was chosen as the location for Fort St. George due to its favorable geographical position.
- The region had a natural harbor that facilitated maritime trade, making it an ideal spot for the company's operations.
- The East India Company aimed to establish a stronghold in South India to compete with other European powers like the Portuguese and Dutch who had already established trading posts in the region.
- Madras offered a convenient base for the company's trade with Southeast Asian countries and the lucrative spice trade.

Development and Significance:
- Over time, Fort St. George grew in importance and became the administrative center of the British presence in South India.
- It played a crucial role in the expansion of British influence and control over the Indian subcontinent.
- The fort also served as the nucleus for the development of the city of Madras, which grew around it.

Legacy:
- The fort still exists today and is known as Fort St. George Museum.
- It houses various artifacts, documents, and memorabilia from the colonial era, providing insights into the history of the East India Company and British rule in India.
- The establishment of Fort St. George marked the beginning of British colonial presence in India and laid the foundation for future British territorial control and colonial rule in the country.

Conclusion:
- The Fort St. George of the English East India Company was situated at Madras (Chennai). It played a crucial role in the company's trade and eventual colonization of India.