The Copper-Hoard Culture and Pottery Types

The Copper-Hoard Culture refers to a period in the post-Harappa period in the Indian subcontinent, characterized by the hoarding of copper objects. This culture is believed to have emerged after the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization and is associated with the Chalcolithic period, which saw the increasing use of copper tools and ornaments.

Among the various pottery types found in this period, the pottery type provisionally identified with the Copper-Hoard Culture is the Ochre Colour Pottery. This identification is based on archaeological excavations and the analysis of pottery remains found at Copper-Hoard Culture sites.

Characteristics of Ochre Colour Pottery:
1. Color: Ochre Colour Pottery is characterized by its distinctive reddish-brown or ochre color. This color is achieved through the application of a special kind of clay or slip, which gives the pottery its unique appearance.

2. Surface Treatment: The pottery is often decorated with incised or painted designs. These designs may include geometric patterns, animal motifs, or human figures. The use of ochre color as a base allows for the contrast and visibility of these decorations.

3. Form and Shape: Ochre Colour Pottery typically consists of small to medium-sized vessels with rounded or globular shapes. These vessels may have a flat or rounded base and may feature handles or spouts for functional purposes.

4. Technique: Ochre Colour Pottery is mostly handmade and wheel-made pottery is relatively rare. The pottery is fired at high temperatures to achieve strength and durability.

5. Distribution: Ochre Colour Pottery has been found at various Copper-Hoard Culture sites across different regions of the Indian subcontinent. These sites include Ahar, Balathal, Gilund, and Ojiyana in Rajasthan, India.

Significance of Ochre Colour Pottery:
The identification of Ochre Colour Pottery with the Copper-Hoard Culture provides valuable insights into the material culture and artistic traditions of this period. The presence of copper objects alongside ochre pottery suggests a specialized craft production system that involved both metalworking and pottery-making.

The use of ochre color and the intricate designs on the pottery indicate a sophisticated level of artistic expression and aesthetic sensibility. The pottery also reflects the technological advancements of the time, such as the use of kilns for firing the pottery at high temperatures.

Overall, the identification of Ochre Colour Pottery as the pottery type associated with the Copper-Hoard Culture contributes to our understanding of the socio-cultural and technological developments of this period in the Indian subcontinent.