Oxygenation of blood in the lungs displaces carbon dioxide from hemoglobin which increases the removal of carbon dioxide. This property is the Haldane effect.

The Haldane effect is a phenomenon that describes the influence of oxygen saturation on the carbon dioxide (CO2) carrying capacity of hemoglobin in the blood. Named after the British physiologist John Scott Haldane, this effect plays a crucial role in the transport and exchange of respiratory gases in the body.

Key Points:
- The Haldane effect explains the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide binding to hemoglobin.
- It states that the oxygenation of hemoglobin reduces its affinity for CO2, allowing more CO2 to be carried in the blood.
- In the lungs, where oxygen levels are high, oxygen binds to hemoglobin, causing a conformational change that reduces the binding affinity for CO2, promoting its release.
- In the tissues, where oxygen levels are low, hemoglobin releases oxygen and undergoes a conformational change that increases its affinity for CO2, facilitating CO2 pickup.
- This effect is particularly important in the transport of CO2 from the tissues to the lungs for elimination.
- The Haldane effect complements the Bohr effect, which describes the influence of CO2 on oxygen binding to hemoglobin.

Explanation:
The Haldane effect is closely related to the binding of CO2 to hemoglobin and its transport in the blood. When hemoglobin is oxygenated in the lungs, it undergoes a conformational change that reduces its affinity for CO2, causing the release of CO2 from the blood. This effect allows for efficient elimination of CO2 from the body during respiration.

In contrast, in the tissues where oxygen levels are low, hemoglobin releases oxygen and undergoes a conformational change that increases its affinity for CO2. This facilitates the uptake of CO2 generated as a result of cellular metabolism. The CO2 binds to hemoglobin and is transported back to the lungs for elimination.

The Haldane effect is particularly important in the venous side of circulation, where deoxygenated blood is rich in CO2. Due to the reduced affinity for CO2, oxygenated hemoglobin readily picks up CO2 and transports it to the lungs for exhalation. This effect helps maintain the balance of gases in the blood and facilitates efficient gas exchange.

In summary, the Haldane effect describes the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide binding to hemoglobin. It explains how the oxygenation of hemoglobin reduces its affinity for CO2, allowing for the uptake and elimination of CO2 in the tissues and lungs, respectively. This effect is crucial for the efficient transport of respiratory gases in the body.