Question:
The magnitude of r for the human population in India during 1981 was:
a) 0.12
b) 0.0205
c) 0.015
d) 0.0176

Answer:
To determine the correct answer, we need to understand the concept of r or the intrinsic rate of natural increase and how it relates to population growth.

Intrinsic Rate of Natural Increase (r):
The intrinsic rate of natural increase, denoted as r, is a measure of the rate at which a population grows under ideal conditions, assuming unlimited resources and absence of any limiting factors. It is calculated as the difference between the birth rate (b) and the death rate (d) of a population, divided by the total population size (N):

r = (b - d) / N

A positive value of r indicates population growth, while a negative value indicates population decline.

Interpreting the Answer Options:
Let's evaluate each answer option based on the given information and choose the correct one:

a) 0.12: This answer option suggests a relatively high population growth rate, which is unlikely considering the actual population growth of India.

b) 0.0205: This answer option suggests a lower population growth rate compared to option a), which seems more reasonable. However, we need to further evaluate the other answer options to confirm.

c) 0.015: This answer option suggests an even lower population growth rate compared to option b). It is possible, but we cannot conclude without evaluating the last answer option.

d) 0.0176: This answer option suggests a population growth rate similar to option c). We need to compare it with the other options to make a final decision.

Choosing the Correct Answer:
Comparing the answer options, we can conclude that options b) and d) are the most likely candidates for the correct answer. However, the answer is specifically for the human population in India during 1981.

During the 1980s and 1990s, India experienced a declining population growth rate due to various factors such as improved healthcare, family planning programs, and increased awareness about population control. The actual population growth rate during that time was around 2.1% per year.

Considering this information, option b) (0.0205) seems to be the most accurate answer as it aligns with the estimated population growth rate during the specified period.

Therefore, the correct answer is option b) 0.0205.

In 1981, the r value for human population in India was 0.0205