Which of the following activitie(s) is/are responsible for the decreme...
Inland Fishery
The reasons are:
• Discharge of untreated effluents from the industrial units and urban silage destroy the fish by clogging their respiratory organs. Also fish exposed to industrial effluent induce a greater risk of oxidative stress with a resultant increased level of lipid peroxides. Consequently, if these fish with increased oxidative species are ingested by humans, they may cause physiological problems such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer involving disruption of cellular homeostasis.
• Construction of dams, reservoirs prevents the free migration of fish to their usual breeding and feeding grounds and thus adversely affects the stock of fish in rivers. Also water temperature changes have often been identified as a cause of reduction in native species, particularly as a result of spawning success .eg: Coldwater release from high dams of the Colorado River has resulted in a decline in native fish abundance.
• Deforestation leads to loosening of soil thus facilitating frequent flooding in cases of poor watershed management. In some cases, floods lead to a decline in fish population. In these situations, fewer young fish survive than normal, as the offspring are isolated by the retreating waters after the flood. But such declines are more common in fastermoving rivers.
Which of the following activitie(s) is/are responsible for the decreme...
Explanation:
The decrement in economic output from inland fishery can be attributed to several factors. Let's analyze each of the given activities in detail:
1. Discharge of untreated effluents from industrial units and urban silage:
- Industrial units and urban areas often discharge untreated effluents into water bodies, including rivers and lakes, where fish are found.
- These effluents contain various pollutants, such as heavy metals, toxic chemicals, and organic waste, which can be harmful to fish.
- The discharge of untreated effluents destroys fish populations, leading to a decrease in the economic output from inland fishery.
2. Construction of dams:
- Dams are constructed to store water for various purposes, including irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, and drinking water supply.
- However, the construction of dams can have detrimental effects on fish populations.
- Dams create barriers in rivers and disrupt the natural flow of water, preventing the free migration of fish to their usual breeding and feeding grounds.
- This hampers the natural life cycle of fish and reduces their abundance, ultimately affecting the economic output from inland fishery.
3. Deforestation and frequent flooding due to poor watershed management:
- Deforestation, particularly in watersheds, can have severe consequences for fish habitats.
- Trees and vegetation in watersheds play a crucial role in maintaining the quality of water bodies by preventing soil erosion, regulating water flow, and providing shade.
- Poor watershed management practices, including deforestation, result in increased sedimentation and nutrient runoff into water bodies.
- This leads to poor water quality, reduced oxygen levels, and frequent flooding, which negatively impact fish populations.
- As a result, the economic output from inland fishery decreases.
Considering the above explanations, it is evident that all three activities - discharge of untreated effluents, construction of dams, and deforestation/frequent flooding due to poor watershed management - contribute to the decrement in economic output from inland fishery. Hence, the correct answer is option 'D' (1, 2, and 3).