**...Both are same..as i think ..
first of all i want to say..India is not a federal country, it is quasi federal...characteristics are as;
Division of powers..in India powers are divided among different organ and levels of government.
supreme court resolve disputes between state and central governments on the basis of constitutional provisions..
The constitution clearly demarcated subjects, under domain of union and states..
Economical and financial powers are in the hands of central government by constitution..
local governments are there to make federal more accountable and meaningful..

Federal Characteristics of Indian Political Science:
1. Division of Powers: One of the key federal characteristics of Indian political science is the division of powers between the central government and the state governments. The Constitution of India clearly defines the powers and responsibilities of both levels of government, ensuring a distribution of authority.

2. Written Constitution: India has a written constitution that clearly outlines the distribution of powers and establishes the federal structure. The Constitution acts as a supreme law that governs the relationship between the central government and the state governments.

3. Dual Polity: Indian political science exhibits a dual polity system, where power is shared between the central government and the state governments. Both levels of government have their own separate jurisdictions and areas of authority.

4. Independent Judiciary: The presence of an independent judiciary is another federal characteristic of Indian political science. The judiciary acts as a neutral arbiter in resolving disputes between the central government and the state governments, ensuring the federal principles are upheld.

Characteristics of Indian Federalism:
1. Distribution of Powers: Indian federalism is characterized by a clear distribution of powers between the central government and the state governments. The Constitution demarcates the powers of both levels of government, with certain powers being exclusive to the central government, some shared, and others reserved for the state governments.

2. Cooperative Federalism: Indian federalism emphasizes cooperative relations between the central government and the state governments. Both levels of government work together to address national issues and promote the overall development of the country. This cooperative approach is reflected in the functioning of various intergovernmental institutions and councils.

3. Dual Polity: Indian federalism is based on a dual polity system, which means that both the central government and the state governments have their own separate jurisdictions and areas of authority. This allows for a decentralized governance structure, where state governments can cater to the specific needs and aspirations of their respective regions.

4. Supreme Constitution: The Indian federalism is based on a supreme constitution that serves as a binding document for all levels of government. The Constitution clearly defines the powers and functions of the central government and the state governments, ensuring a balance of power and the protection of federal principles.

5. Independent Judiciary: An independent judiciary is an essential characteristic of Indian federalism. The judiciary acts as an impartial interpreter of the Constitution and resolves disputes between the central government and the state governments. It ensures that the federal principles are upheld and the rights of all levels of government are protected.

Overall, Indian political science exhibits federal characteristics through the division of powers, a written constitution, a dual polity system, and an independent judiciary. Indian federalism is characterized by the distribution of powers, cooperative relations, a dual polity system, a supreme constitution, and an independent judiciary. These characteristics promote a balanced governance structure and ensure the protection of the rights and interests of both the central government and the state governments.