With reference to the Swadeshi Movement, consider the following statem...
Answer:
The Swadeshi Movement was an important phase in the Indian independence struggle that took place between 1905 and 1908. It was a mass movement that aimed to promote Indian goods and boycott British goods.
1. The Swadeshi Movement was organized as a response to Lord Minto's announcement of the partition of Bengal.
This statement is incorrect. The Swadeshi Movement was not organized in response to Lord Minto's announcement of the partition of Bengal. The partition of Bengal was announced by Lord Curzon in 1905, and it was met with widespread protests and opposition from Indian nationalists. The partition was seen as a deliberate attempt by the British to weaken the growing nationalist movement in Bengal. The Swadeshi Movement, which began in 1905, was a response to this partition and aimed to promote the use of Indian goods and boycott British goods as a means of protesting against British policies.
2. The Swadeshi Movement marked the cooperation between the moderates and the extremists.
This statement is also incorrect. The Swadeshi Movement did not mark the cooperation between the moderates and the extremists. In fact, it was during this period that the rift between the moderates and the extremists became more pronounced. The moderates, represented by leaders like Gopal Krishna Gokhale, believed in using constitutional methods and dialogue with the British to achieve their goals. On the other hand, the extremists, represented by leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal, advocated for more radical and militant methods of protest. The Swadeshi Movement was largely led by the extremists, who believed in direct action and mass mobilization.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, neither statement 1 nor statement 2 is correct. The Swadeshi Movement was organized in response to the partition of Bengal, but it did not mark the cooperation between the moderates and the extremists. Instead, it deepened the divide between the two factions within the nationalist movement.
With reference to the Swadeshi Movement, consider the following statem...
- The Swadeshi Movement had its genesis in the anti-partition movement which was started to oppose the British decision to partition Bengal. The decision to partition Bengal was announced on 19 July 1905 by Lord Curzon, not Lord Minto. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
- The day partition took effect — 16 October 1905 — was declared a day of mourning throughout Bengal.
- The Indian National Congress took up the Swadeshi call and the Banaras Session, 1905, presided over by G.K. Gokhale, a supporter of the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement for Bengal. The militant nationalists led by Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lajpat Rai, and Aurobindo Ghosh were, however, in favour of extending the movement to the rest of India and carrying it beyond the programme of just Swadeshi and boycott to a full-fledged political mass struggle.
- The differences between the Moderates and the Extremists, especially regarding the pace of the movement and the techniques of struggle to be adopted, came to a head in the 1907 Surat session of the Congress where the party split with serious consequences for the Swadeshi Movement. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
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