The Indus people were probably ruled by Merchants

The ruling system of the ancient Indus Valley civilization remains a topic of debate and speculation among historians and archaeologists. While there is no definitive evidence to conclusively determine the exact nature of their governance, various theories and interpretations have been put forward based on the available archaeological findings and historical context.

Evidence supporting merchant rule:
1. Economic prominence: The Indus Valley civilization was known for its advanced urban planning, sophisticated trade networks, and prosperous economy. The thriving trade and commerce during this period suggest that merchants played a significant role in the society and possibly held political power as well.

2. Absence of monumental architecture: Unlike many other contemporary civilizations, such as Mesopotamia and Egypt, the Indus Valley civilization did not leave behind grand palaces or elaborate royal tombs. This absence of monumental architecture, coupled with the lack of clear evidence of a centralized monarchy, suggests that political power may have been more decentralized and held by a different group such as merchants.

3. Seals and inscriptions: The Indus script, found on numerous seals and pottery, remains undeciphered, hindering our understanding of the civilization's written records. However, some researchers propose that these seals may represent the ownership and control of trade, further supporting the idea of merchant dominance in the society.

4. Wealth accumulation: The discovery of large granaries and storage facilities in Indus Valley cities indicates the systematic accumulation and redistribution of resources. This suggests the presence of an organized economic system, potentially led by merchants who controlled trade and oversaw the distribution of goods.

Conclusion:
While the exact ruling structure of the Indus Valley civilization remains uncertain, the hypothesis that merchants held political power is supported by the economic prominence of the society, absence of monumental architecture associated with a centralized monarchy, the significance of seals and inscriptions, and the evidence of wealth accumulation and resource management. However, it is important to note that these conclusions are based on the available evidence and may be subject to further revision as new discoveries and interpretations emerge.