The polynucleated condition appeared by free nuclear divison without c...
**The Polynucleated Condition:**
The polynucleated condition refers to the presence of multiple nuclei within a single cell. This condition arises when nuclear division occurs without subsequent cytokinesis, which is the division of the cytoplasm. This phenomenon can be observed in various biological contexts, including certain organisms and developmental stages.
**a) Syncytium:**
A syncytium is a type of tissue or cell that contains multiple nuclei within a common cytoplasm. In a syncytium, the cell membranes between individual cells break down, resulting in a large multinucleated structure. This allows for coordination and communication between the nuclei within the syncytium. Syncytia can be found in different organisms and tissues, such as skeletal muscle fibers and certain types of placenta.
**b) Coenocytic:**
Coenocytic cells are another example of polynucleated cells. In coenocytic organisms or tissues, nuclear divisions occur without cytokinesis, leading to the formation of a multinucleated cell. Unlike syncytia, coenocytic cells do not have distinct cell boundaries or membranes between the nuclei. This condition can be observed in certain fungi, algae, and plant tissues such as the endosperm of angiosperms.
**c) Found in amphibian oocyte:**
Amphibian oocytes, specifically those of Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog), are known to exhibit the polynucleated condition. During oogenesis, nuclear divisions occur without complete cytokinesis, resulting in the formation of a large oocyte with multiple nuclei. This is an adaptation that allows for the accumulation of maternal factors and resources necessary for early embryonic development.
**d) All of these:**
The correct answer to the given question is (d) All of these. The polynucleated condition, arising from free nuclear division without cytokinesis, can be observed in syncytia, coenocytic cells, and amphibian oocytes. These examples highlight different biological contexts where this phenomenon occurs and its significance in various organisms and developmental processes.
The polynucleated condition appeared by free nuclear divison without c...
Syncytium- If a multinucleated condition arises due to fusion of cells, it is called syncytium e.g., body of slime moulds, striated muscles etc