Firstly, you should know regarding the Gland.

Gland is the organ specialise for particular secretion.

There are two types of Glands, they are:-
a) Exocrine Glands.
b) Endocrine Glands.

a) Exocrine Glands: The Glands with duct.
Examples:- Tear gland, Sweat, Salivary.

b) Endocrine Glands:- The glands without duct.
Examples:- Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Pancreas, Adernal, Sex gland.

Secretion of Endocrine:

The chemical substances secreted by Endocrine Glands are called "Hormones".

The organ on which the Hormones act is called Target organ.

Hypo secretion - Inadequate secretion of Hormone.
Hyper secretion - Excess secretion of Hormone.

Pituitary Gland (Master gland):

Because, it controls all glands. The Hormone secreted by Pituitary glands are called "Growth Hormones".

Functions of Pituitary gland:- Responsible for growth of all organs of the body.

Hypo secretion creates to "Dwarfism" and Hyper secretion in adults leads "Gigantism".

Thyroid Gland:- Secretes the hormone Thyroxin (Combination of Iodine and Amino acids).


Functions of Thyroid gland:- Responsible for metabolism of Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins and Indirectly growth of body and brain. Hence it is called "Personality Hormone".

Deficiency of Iodine in food causes Goiter (Swelled Neck).

Hypothyroidism causes cretinism in children, myxedema in adults. This leads to increased weight, low metabolic rate, thick, loose wrinkled skin.

Hyperthyroidism leads to increased metabolic rate, reduced rate, tension, high blood pressure.

Parathyroid gland:- Secretes the Hormone Parathormone.

Function of Parathyroid gland:- It regulates Calcium and Phosphate salts in the blood and the body.

Pancreas gland:- It is called mixed gland. In this gland, special thing is that, it has both Exocrine and Endocrine gland. Endocrine gland is called "Islets of Langerhans", and it secretes the hormone Insulin and Glucagon.

• Deficiency of Insulin causes diabetes.

Low level of Insulin increases sugar level in the blood.

Adernal gland:- The hormone secreted is Adernaline.

It makes the body to face emergency. Hence, it is called "Emergency Hormone".

It increases Heartbeat, Respiration, Dialation of Pupil and instant release of energy and helps the body to face emergency.

Sex glands:-

The male sex gland is called "Testis".
The female sex gland is called "Ovary".

Functions:- The important hormone secreted by Testis is called "Testosterone".

It is responsible for appearance of secondary sexual characteristics in men like appearance of beard, moustache, breaking of voice.

Hormone secreted by Ovary is called "Estradiol".

It is responsible for secondary sexual characteristics in the female like development of Uterus, Mammary gland , development of sex organs.

Note:- Male sex hormones are togetherly called "Androgens". Female sex hormones are togetherly called "Oestrogen".

I think now you have understand very well regarding this concept. Because, I don't have this document, so I have explained it on my own.