The Upper Layers at Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Kalibangan, and Other Places

The upper layers unearthed at Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Kalibangan, and a few other places provide valuable insights into the state of these ancient cities during a specific period of time. These layers reveal certain characteristics of the construction, public buildings, and water supply systems of these cities.

Construction without a Prescribed Plan

One of the significant findings from the upper layers is that the construction of these cities was carried out without any prescribed plan. This suggests that there was a lack of central planning or coordination in the construction activities. The absence of a planned layout and organized construction techniques indicates a certain level of disarray in the urban development of these cities.

Decay of Public Buildings

Another observation from the upper layers is that the public buildings in these ancient cities were in a state of decay. This implies that the maintenance and upkeep of public infrastructure were neglected or insufficient. The decay of public buildings could be an indication of a decline in the overall prosperity and governance of these cities.

Disarray in Water Supply

The upper layers also reveal that the water supply systems in these cities fell into disarray. This suggests that there were issues with the management and maintenance of water infrastructure. The disarray in water supply could have led to difficulties in accessing clean water for daily activities such as drinking, cooking, and sanitation.

Period of Decline

Considering these observations, the correct answer to the given question is option 'B' - Period of decline. The upper layers unearthed at Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Kalibangan, and other places indicate a decline in the quality of construction, decay of public buildings, and disarray in water supply systems. These characteristics point towards a period of decline in the development and prosperity of these ancient cities.

During this period of decline, the cities might have faced various challenges such as political instability, economic downturn, social unrest, or even natural calamities. These factors could have contributed to the deterioration of public infrastructure and the overall decline of these cities.

In conclusion, the upper layers unearthed at Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Kalibangan, and other places provide valuable evidence of a period of decline in the ancient cities. The construction without a prescribed plan, decay of public buildings, and disarray in water supply systems reflect the challenges and shortcomings faced by these cities during this phase of their history.