Addison's Disease: Causes and Explanation

Introduction:
Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare disorder characterized by the inadequate production of certain hormones by the adrenal glands. In this condition, the adrenal glands do not produce enough corticosteroids, which are essential for maintaining various bodily functions. The correct answer to the given question is option 'C' - hyposecretion of corticoids.

Explanation:
Addison's disease is primarily caused by the hyposecretion or underproduction of corticosteroids, particularly cortisol and aldosterone, by the adrenal glands. Let's delve deeper into the causes of Addison's disease:

1. Autoimmune Dysfunction:
In most cases (about 70-90%), Addison's disease is caused by an autoimmune dysfunction, wherein the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the adrenal cortex. This leads to a significant reduction in the production of corticosteroid hormones.

2. Infections:
Certain infections can also cause Addison's disease. Tuberculosis is one such infection that can affect the adrenal glands and impair their functioning. Other infections, such as fungal or viral infections, can also damage the adrenal glands and result in adrenal insufficiency.

3. Adrenal Gland Damage:
In some cases, damage to the adrenal glands can occur due to surgical removal, trauma, or tumors. Surgical removal of the adrenal glands, usually to treat conditions like Cushing's syndrome or adrenal tumors, can result in Addison's disease if the remaining adrenal tissue is insufficient to produce adequate corticosteroids.

4. Genetic Factors:
Rarely, genetic factors can play a role in the development of Addison's disease. Some individuals may inherit specific gene mutations that affect the functioning of the adrenal glands and lead to adrenal insufficiency.

Conclusion:
In summary, Addison's disease is primarily caused by the hyposecretion or underproduction of corticosteroid hormones by the adrenal glands. The most common cause is an autoimmune dysfunction, where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the adrenal cortex. Other causes include infections, adrenal gland damage, and, rarely, genetic factors. It is important to diagnose and treat Addison's disease promptly to prevent complications and manage the symptoms effectively.