Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon atoms bonded to other atoms such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and others. They are widely found in nature and have a variety of properties and uses. One common characteristic of organic compounds is their ability to react with other substances, including inorganic compounds.

Effervescence is the process of rapid escape of gas from a liquid or solid. When a substance reacts with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), it releases carbon dioxide gas (CO2), resulting in effervescence. The gas bubbles formed during effervescence are visible as a frothy or fizzy reaction.

Among the given options, carboxylic acids are the class of organic compounds that give effervescence with NaHCO3 solution. Carboxylic acids are organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached to a hydrocarbon chain. They are weak acids and can easily donate a hydrogen ion (H+) to form a carboxylate ion (RCOO-).

When a carboxylic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate, the following reaction occurs:

RCOOH + NaHCO3 → RCOONa + H2O + CO2

The carboxylic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate to form a salt (RCOONa), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. It is the release of carbon dioxide gas that causes effervescence. The carbon dioxide gas bubbles escape rapidly from the solution, resulting in the frothy reaction.

Other classes of organic compounds such as esters, alcohols, and aldehydes do not undergo the same reaction with sodium bicarbonate. Esters are organic compounds formed from the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Alcohols are organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a hydrocarbon chain. Aldehydes are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to at least one hydrogen atom.

These classes of organic compounds do not have the same acidic properties as carboxylic acids and therefore do not react with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide gas. Hence, they do not give effervescence with NaHCO3 solution.

In conclusion, carboxylic acids are the class of organic compounds that give effervescence with NaHCO3 solution. This is due to their ability to donate a hydrogen ion and react with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide gas.