¶¶¶Natural vegetative propagation occurs when an axillary bud grows into a lateral shoot and develops its own roots ..
•••Artificial propagation of plants include these four main processes: Grafting: This process involves joining the shoot system of a plant (known as scion) to the root system of another plant (known as the stock).....

Natural Vegetative Propagation:

Natural vegetative propagation is a type of asexual reproduction in plants where new individuals are produced from vegetative parts of the parent plant, such as stems, roots, or leaves. This process occurs without the involvement of seeds or the fusion of gametes (sexual reproduction). Natural vegetative propagation is the primary mode of reproduction for many plants, including ferns, mosses, and some non-flowering plants.

Methods of Natural Vegetative Propagation:
- Stem Cuttings: In this method, a portion of a stem is cut from the parent plant and planted in the soil. The cutting develops roots and eventually grows into a new plant. Examples of plants that can be propagated through stem cuttings include roses, geraniums, and mint.

- Root Cuttings: This method involves taking a piece of a root from the parent plant and planting it in the soil. The root develops new shoots and forms a new plant. Plants like raspberries and blackberries can be propagated through root cuttings.

- Leaf Cuttings: Certain plants, such as succulents, can be propagated by leaf cuttings. A leaf is removed from the parent plant and placed in a suitable environment. The leaf develops roots and shoots, eventually growing into a new plant.

- Runners: Some plants, like strawberries, produce long, thin stems called runners. These runners grow along the ground and develop new plantlets at nodes. Once these plantlets establish roots, they can be separated from the parent plant and grown independently.

Artificial Vegetative Propagation:

Artificial vegetative propagation refers to the deliberate human intervention in the process of vegetative propagation to produce new plants with desirable traits. This method is commonly used for plants that do not easily propagate naturally or for the purpose of preserving specific genetic characteristics.

Methods of Artificial Vegetative Propagation:
- Grafting: Grafting involves joining the stem of one plant (the scion) with the root system of another plant (the rootstock). This technique allows the combination of desirable traits from two different plants. For example, grafting is frequently used in fruit tree cultivation.

- Budding: Budding is similar to grafting but involves the insertion of a bud instead of a stem. This method is often used in rose propagation.

- Layering: Layering is a technique where a branch of the parent plant is bent down and covered with soil while still attached to the plant. The branch develops roots, and once established, it can be separated from the parent plant and grown independently.

- Tissue Culture: Tissue culture involves taking a small piece of plant tissue, such as a leaf or a stem, and growing it in a laboratory under controlled conditions. This method allows for the rapid production of large numbers of identical plants.

Artificial vegetative propagation methods are extensively used in horticulture, agriculture, and forestry to reproduce plants with desired traits, such as disease resistance, improved yield, and specific aesthetics.