Limitations on the Power of Government
The Indian Constitution was crafted to ensure a balanced power structure, preventing any branch of government from becoming too powerful. This is achieved through several mechanisms:
1. Separation of Powers
- The Constitution establishes three distinct branches: the Executive, the Legislature, and the Judiciary.
- Each branch has its own powers and responsibilities, reducing the likelihood of abuse of power.
2. Fundamental Rights
- The Constitution guarantees Fundamental Rights to citizens, safeguarding individual liberties against governmental overreach.
- Rights such as freedom of speech, equality before law, and protection from discrimination impose limits on government actions.
3. Checks and Balances
- Each branch has the authority to check the others, ensuring that no single branch operates without oversight.
- For example, the Legislature can make laws, but the Judiciary can declare them unconstitutional if they violate Fundamental Rights.
4. Federal Structure
- India’s federal structure divides powers between the central and state governments.
- This division limits the central government's authority, allowing states to exercise autonomy in certain areas.
5. Judicial Review
- The Judiciary has the power to review laws and executive actions.
- This serves as a critical tool for upholding the Constitution and protecting citizens from arbitrary governance.
6. Accountability Mechanisms
- Institutions like the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) and the Election Commission ensure that the government remains accountable for its actions.
- These bodies conduct audits and oversee elections to prevent misuse of power.
In summary, the limitations on the power of government in India are vital for upholding democracy, protecting individual rights, and ensuring that governance remains within constitutional bounds.