The correct answer is option 'A', G.H. Deshmukh.

G.H. Deshmukh, or Govind Sadashiv Deshmukh, was an Indian economist, politician, and social reformer who advocated for the reorganization of Indian society based on rational principles and modern humanistic and secular values.

Deshmukh was born on November 29, 1901, in the state of Maharashtra. He completed his education at the London School of Economics and Political Science and later became a professor at the Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics in Pune.

Deshmukh strongly believed in the need to transform Indian society to overcome the various social, economic, and political challenges faced by the country. He advocated for a society based on rationality, humanism, and secularism, which he believed would lead to progress and development.

Here are some key reasons why G.H. Deshmukh advocated for the reorganization of Indian society on rational principles and modern humanistic and secular values:

1. Social Equality: Deshmukh emphasized the importance of social equality and the need to eliminate caste-based discrimination and oppression. He believed that a rational society should treat every individual with equal respect and dignity, irrespective of their caste or social background.

2. Modernization: Deshmukh recognized the importance of modernization in Indian society. He believed that embracing modern ideas, values, and technologies would help India progress and overcome its challenges. He advocated for the adoption of modern humanistic and secular values to bring about positive social and economic change.

3. Rationality and Science: Deshmukh believed in the power of rationality and science to solve societal problems. He emphasized the need to base social and economic policies on rational principles and scientific evidence. He believed that this approach would lead to more effective and efficient solutions to India's problems.

4. Secularism: Deshmukh was a strong advocate for secularism, which is the principle of separating religion from the affairs of the state. He believed that a secular society would ensure equal rights and opportunities for people of all religions and foster harmony among different religious communities.

In conclusion, G.H. Deshmukh advocated for the reorganization of Indian society based on rational principles and modern humanistic and secular values. He believed in social equality, modernization, rationality and science, and secularism as key pillars for the progress and development of India.

B