Describe the technological and institutional reforms done in agriculture ?

Question

Answer

1)- establishments of grameen banks and corporate banks for the Loan to farmers for economic help

2)- launch of minimum support price.. Procure ment price

3)- use of hyv seed..modern machined. Modern technology

4)- KCC (KISAN CREDIT CARD) . PAIS.
5)- crop insurance

6)- green and white revolution

7)- special weather bulletins.

Answer

Answer

Technological and Institutional Reforms in Agriculture

Technological Reforms:
- Green Revolution: The Green Revolution was a technological reform in agriculture that took place in the 1960s and 1970s. It aimed to increase agricultural productivity through the use of high-yielding crop varieties, modern machinery, and chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This led to a significant increase in food production and helped countries like India become self-sufficient in food grains.
- Genetically Modified Crops: Genetically modified crops (GMOs) have been developed through biotechnology to improve their resistance to pests, diseases, and environmental conditions. These crops have the potential to increase yields, reduce pesticide use, and enhance nutritional content.
- Precision Farming: Precision farming involves the use of technology such as GPS, remote sensing, and data analytics to optimize agricultural practices. Farmers can monitor soil conditions, water levels, and crop growth more accurately, leading to efficient use of resources and increased productivity.
- Drip Irrigation: Drip irrigation is a water-saving technique that delivers water directly to the plant roots, minimizing evaporation and water wastage. This method is particularly useful in areas with water scarcity or limited access to irrigation facilities.
- Hydroponics: Hydroponics is a soil-less farming technique where plants are grown in nutrient-rich water instead of traditional soil. This method allows for year-round cultivation, higher yields, and efficient use of water and space.

Institutional Reforms:
- Land Reforms: Land reforms aim to address issues related to land ownership, tenancy, and redistribution. These reforms help in providing secure land rights to farmers, reducing land fragmentation, and promoting efficient land use.
- Rural Credit: Access to credit is crucial for farmers to invest in modern agricultural technologies and inputs. Institutional reforms have focused on providing easy and affordable credit facilities to farmers through initiatives like Kisan Credit Cards and microfinance institutions.
- Market Reforms: Market reforms have been implemented to improve agricultural marketing and reduce market inefficiencies. These include the establishment of regulated markets, introduction of electronic trading platforms, and development of infrastructure for storage and transportation.
- Insurance Schemes: Crop insurance schemes have been introduced to protect farmers from yield losses due to natural calamities or market fluctuations. These schemes provide financial support to farmers and encourage them to take up riskier agricultural practices.
- Extension Services: Extension services play a crucial role in disseminating knowledge and information to farmers. Reforms in extension services have focused on strengthening the agricultural extension system, training agricultural extension workers, and promoting farmer-to-farmer knowledge exchange.

These technological and institutional reforms have transformed agriculture by increasing productivity, improving resource efficiency, and enhancing farmers' livelihoods. They have played a significant role in meeting the growing demand for food, improving food security, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

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