Rowlatt Act was passed in 21st March 1919.It was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council with the recommendation of Sir Sidney Rowlatt.

**The Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre**

**Introduction**
The Rowlatt Act was a repressive legislation enacted by the British government in India in 1919. It gave the colonial authorities extensive powers to suppress any form of dissent or opposition to British rule. The act was met with widespread protests and resentment from the Indian population, eventually leading to the tragic incident known as the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.

**The Rowlatt Act**
1. Background: The British government introduced the Rowlatt Act to counteract the growing nationalist movement in India, which aimed for independence from British rule.
2. Provisions: The act allowed the government to arrest and detain individuals without trial for an indefinite period, curtailed civil liberties, and restricted freedom of the press.
3. Public outrage: Indians saw the act as a violation of their basic rights and an attack on their freedom. It was seen as discriminatory legislation that targeted Indians and denied them justice.
4. Mass protests: The passage of the Rowlatt Act sparked widespread protests across India. People from all walks of life, including students, workers, and political leaders, joined hands to voice their opposition.
5. Non-cooperation movement: The Rowlatt Act played a crucial role in the rise of the Non-Cooperation Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. The act served as a catalyst for the movement, which aimed to challenge British rule through peaceful civil disobedience.

**The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre**
1. Incident: On April 13, 1919, a large gathering of Indians, unaware of the imposition of martial law, gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar to protest against the Rowlatt Act.
2. British response: Brigadier General Reginald Dyer, in an attempt to suppress the protest, ordered his troops to open fire on the unarmed crowd without any warning or escape route.
3. Casualties: The firing continued for about ten minutes, resulting in the death of hundreds of innocent people and leaving many others injured.
4. Impact: The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre shocked the nation and further intensified the demand for independence. It became a turning point in India's struggle against British rule.
5. Repercussions: The incident led to widespread anger and resentment among Indians, both within the country and abroad. It fueled the nationalist movement and strengthened the resolve to overthrow British rule.

**Conclusion**
The Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre are interconnected, as the act was the catalyst for the protests that ultimately led to the tragic event. The repressive nature of the act and the indiscriminate violence of the massacre further fueled the movement for independence, highlighting the oppressive and unjust nature of British colonial rule in India.