Chola Social Structure and Incorrect Statement

The Chola dynasty was one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of southern India, and it had a well-defined social structure. While very little is known about specific aspects of Chola social structure, such as the roles of Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras, some information is available about other aspects. Let's take a closer look at each statement and identify the incorrect one.

Statement a: Very little is known about Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras.
This statement is correct. Historically, there is limited information available about the specific roles and positions of Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (merchants and farmers), and Shudras (laborers and servants) in the Chola social structure. The focus of historical records has primarily been on the ruling elite and Brahmanas (priests).

Statement b: The concept of pollution is known.
This statement is correct. The concept of pollution, known as asoucha, was prevalent in the Chola society. It was believed that certain activities or events, such as childbirth or death, could render individuals or spaces impure. Rituals and procedures were followed to cleanse the affected individuals or spaces and restore purity.

Statement c: Both men and women were sold as slaves, and some of them to the temples.
This statement is correct. Slavery was a part of the Chola social structure, and both men and women were subjected to enslavement. Slaves were acquired through various means, including warfare and debt bondage. Some of these slaves were even sold to temples, where they served as laborers or in other capacities.

Statement d: The Brahmanas continued to represent an alien culture.
This statement is incorrect. The Brahmanas were an integral part of the Chola society and did not represent an alien culture. They held significant positions of power and influence as priests, advisors, and custodians of religious rituals and practices. The Brahmanas played an essential role in shaping and maintaining the social, religious, and cultural aspects of Chola society.

In conclusion, the incorrect statement regarding Chola social structure is option d, which suggests that the Brahmanas represented an alien culture. The Brahmanas were an essential and integrated part of Chola society, holding influential positions and playing a crucial role in religious and cultural practices.