After Muhammad death no one could legitimately claim to be the next prophet....therefore authority of Muhammad was transferred to the ummma with no principle rule of succession.. this led to creationof the calliphate...in this the leader of the community would be the deputy i.e. khalifa...and would continue to work for umma under the general guidelines provided.by Muhammad .



The rifts among the Muslim deepend after he fought two wars against those who represented the Mecca. aristocracy...this splited his followers and enemies Into groups ... Shia and Sunni.. he was however not able to suppress the faction ( a small group with in a large group with slightly different opinions) by muaviya ....kinsmen (relative)of uthman and the governor of Syria.



the main reason of assaniation was that his war at siffin that is northern Mesopotamia was ended into truce..truce means agreement b/w the enemies to not fight further...now the agreement again splitted his followers into two..the first group remained loyal to him...the second group left the camp and came to be called as kharji...he was assassinated by a kharji in a mosque at kufa...after his death his followers paid allegiance tu to his son Hussain and his descendants.