Friction between the bones at a synovial joint is prevented by the presence of articular cartilage , a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the entire articulating surface of each bone

Articular cartilage of synovial joint

The articular cartilage is the smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones within a synovial joint. It plays a crucial role in joint function by reducing friction, absorbing shock, and providing a smooth surface for joint movement. This cartilage is composed of specialized connective tissue known as hyaline cartilage.

Hyaline cartilage

Hyaline cartilage is the most common type of cartilage in the body. It is characterized by its glassy appearance and contains a dense network of collagen fibers embedded in a gel-like matrix. Hyaline cartilage is found in various locations such as the articular surfaces of synovial joints, the ribs, the respiratory tract, and the trachea.

Functions of articular cartilage

The articular cartilage serves several important functions:

1. Reducing friction: The smooth surface of articular cartilage allows the bones to glide over each other with minimal friction during joint movement.

2. Shock absorption: The cartilage absorbs the forces exerted on the joint, reducing the impact and protecting the underlying bone.

3. Load distribution: Articular cartilage helps distribute the load evenly across the joint, preventing excessive stress on any particular area.

4. Providing a smooth surface: The hyaline cartilage provides a smooth surface that allows for frictionless movement and minimizes wear and tear on the joint.

Conclusion

In summary, the articular cartilage of a synovial joint is composed of hyaline cartilage. It plays a crucial role in joint function by reducing friction, absorbing shock, distributing loads, and providing a smooth surface for joint movement.