Forms of Power Sharing
(a) Horizontal Distribution: This form of power sharing is among different organs of the government, that is, between the Executive, Legislature and the Judiciary. It allows the different organs of the government placed at the same level to exercise different powers.
(b) Vertical Division: This form of power sharing is among different levels of the government. The constitution lays down the distribution of power among the different levels of the government. This is also known as federal division of power.
(c) Power Sharing among Social Groups: Under this system power is shared between different social groups such as religious and linguistic groups. Legal arrangements are made to ensure the rights of minority and weaker sections are protected.
(d) Power Sharing among Political Parties and Groups: Sometimes when no single party wins the election with a clear majority, a coalition government is formed by different parties who come together.

There are various forms of power sharing that can be implemented in a country, depending on its political structure and circumstances. These forms of power sharing ensure that power is distributed among different levels and organs of the government, as well as between different social and regional groups. The major forms of power sharing include:


The horizontal distribution of power refers to the sharing of power among different organs or levels of government. This form of power sharing ensures that no single organ or level of government becomes too powerful and can prevent the abuse of power. In democratic countries, power is typically shared among the legislature, executive, and judiciary.


The vertical distribution of power refers to the sharing of power between the central government and state or regional governments. This form of power sharing is particularly important in countries with diverse regional or ethnic groups, as it allows for the autonomy and self-governance of different regions. It helps to promote a sense of belonging and participation among the citizens.


In some cases, power sharing is implemented through community government, where local communities have the authority to make decisions on matters that directly affect them. This form of power sharing ensures that the needs and interests of different communities are represented and addressed. It enhances the participation and inclusivity of citizens in the decision-making process.


Political parties also play a vital role in power sharing. They represent different ideologies and interests of various sections of society. In a democratic system, political parties compete for power through elections. This ensures that power is not concentrated in the hands of a single party or individual. The presence of multiple political parties provides citizens with a choice and allows for checks and balances.


Pressure groups and movements play an important role in power sharing. They represent specific interests and concerns of different sections of society, such as labor unions, environmental groups, or women's rights organizations. These groups exert pressure on the government to address their demands and ensure that power is not monopolized by a few.


Power sharing is a crucial aspect of a democratic society. It helps to prevent the concentration of power and ensures the participation and representation of different groups. By implementing various forms of power sharing, governments can promote inclusivity, accountability, and stability in the political system.