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The Economist who developed Human Development Index (HDI) is
  • a)
    Simon Kuznets
  • b)
    David Ricardo
  • c)
    Joseph Schumpeter
  • d)
    Mahbub Ul Haq
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Most Upvoted Answer
The Economist who developed Human Development Index (HDI) isa)Simon Ku...
The Economist who developed Human Development Index (HDI) is Mahbub Ul Haq.

Mahbub Ul Haq was a Pakistani economist who served as the Finance Minister of Pakistan in the 1980s. He was a strong advocate of human development and believed that GDP alone was not a sufficient measure of development. He developed the Human Development Index (HDI) in collaboration with Amartya Sen, an Indian economist, in 1990.

What is Human Development Index (HDI)?

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. It was developed as an alternative to the traditional economic measures of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Product (GNP), which only measure economic progress and do not take into account the social and human aspects of development.

How is HDI calculated?

The HDI is calculated using three dimensions of human development: health, education, and income. It takes into account the following indicators:

1. Life expectancy at birth
2. Mean years of schooling
3. Expected years of schooling
4. Gross national income (GNI) per capita

These indicators are combined to create a single index value ranging from 0 to 1, with a higher value indicating higher human development.

Conclusion:

Mahbub Ul Haq's contribution to the field of economics and development is significant. His work on human development and the creation of HDI has helped shift the focus of development policies from economic growth to a more holistic approach that considers the social and human aspects of development. The HDI is now widely used by governments, international organizations, and researchers as a measure of development and progress.
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Community Answer
The Economist who developed Human Development Index (HDI) isa)Simon Ku...
Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq created HDI in 1990.This is still used to measure the country's development by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) every year.
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Passage IIITodays developing economies use much less energy per capita than developed countries such as the United State did at similar incomes, showing the potential for lower-carbon growth. Adaptation and mitigation need to be integrated into a climate-smart development strategy that increases resilience, reduces the threat of further global warming, and improves development outcomes. Adaptation and mitigation measures can advance development, and prosperity can raise incomes and foster better institutions. A healthier population living in better built houses and with access to bank loans and social security is better equipped to deal with a changing climate and its consequences. Advancing robust, resilient development policies that promote adaptation is needed today because changes is the climate, already begun, will increase even in the short term.The spread of economic prosperity has always been intertwined with adaptation to changing ecological conditions. But as growth has altered the environment and as environmental change has accelerated, sustaining growth and adaptability demands greater capacity to understand our environment, generate new adaptive technologies and practices, and diffuse them widely. As economic historians have explained, much of humankinds creative potential has directed at adapting to the changing world. But adaptation cannot cope with all the impacts related to climate change, especially as larger changes unfold in the long term.Countries cannot grow out of harms way fast enough to match the changing climate. And some growth strategies, whether driven by the government or the market, can also add to vulnerability particularly if they over exploit natural resources. Under the Soviet development plan, irrigated cotton cultivation expanded in water-stressed Central Asia and led to the near disappearance of the Aral Sea, threatening the livelihoods of fishermen, herders and farmers. And clearing mangroves- the natural coastal buffers against storm surges to make way for intensive farming or housing development, increases the physical vulnerability of coastal settlements, whether in Guinea or in Louisiana.Q. Which one of the following statements constitutes the central theme of this passage?

The Economist who developed Human Development Index (HDI) isa)Simon Kuznetsb)David Ricardoc)Joseph Schumpeterd)Mahbub Ul HaqCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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