Provisional Government in Russia was led by Kerensky.

The Provisional Government in Russia was established in February 1917 following the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II during the Russian Revolution. It was a temporary government formed to fill the power vacuum left by the collapse of the Tsarist regime. Alexander Kerensky, a prominent social democrat and member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, emerged as the leader of the Provisional Government.

Background:
- The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a result of widespread discontent among the Russian population, who were suffering from economic hardships, political repression, and the heavy losses of World War I.
- The February Revolution began with mass protests and strikes in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) demanding an end to the war and calling for political reforms.
- As the protests grew, the Tsar lost control of the situation and abdicated the throne, leading to the formation of the Provisional Government.

Formation and Composition:
- The Provisional Government was initially formed with the support of liberal and socialist factions, including members of the Duma (the Russian parliament) and prominent intellectuals.
- It was intended to be a temporary government until a Constituent Assembly could be elected to establish a new political system in Russia.
- The government was composed of various political parties, with Kerensky representing the Socialist Revolutionary Party, which held a significant number of seats in the Duma.

Role and Policies:
- The Provisional Government faced numerous challenges, including the continuation of World War I, land reform demands by peasants, and the rise of radical socialist movements such as the Bolsheviks.
- Kerensky, as the leader of the government, advocated for a moderate and gradual approach to political and economic reforms.
- He implemented policies such as freedom of speech, press, and assembly, as well as the abolition of the death penalty and secret police.
- However, the government struggled to address the pressing issues facing the country and faced criticism for its inability to end the war and alleviate the economic crisis.

Downfall:
- The Provisional Government's downfall came in October 1917 when the Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, staged a successful coup known as the October Revolution.
- The Bolsheviks, who opposed the Provisional Government and demanded an immediate end to the war and land redistribution, overthrew the government and established a socialist regime.

In conclusion, the Provisional Government in Russia was led by Alexander Kerensky, who played a crucial role in leading the government during a tumultuous period of Russian history. However, the government's inability to address the country's pressing issues ultimately led to its downfall and the rise of the Bolsheviks under Lenin's leadership.