Raziya Sultan was first women ruler from ghulam dynasty of india. she was daughter of iltutmis.

Razia Sultana: The First Female Muslim Ruler of Delhi

Razia Sultana, also known as Raziyyat-ud-Din, was a powerful and influential figure in medieval Indian history. She was the first and only female Muslim ruler of Delhi, ruling from 1236 to 1240. Razia Sultana's reign marked a significant milestone in the empowerment of women in a male-dominated society.

Background and Early Life
Razia Sultana was born in 1205 CE in Budaun, India, into the powerful slave dynasty. Her father, Iltutmish, was the sultan of Delhi and a respected ruler. Unlike other princesses of the time, Razia received a high-quality education, including training in military tactics, administration, and statecraft. Her father recognized her intelligence and capabilities, and he groomed her to succeed him.

Rise to Power
After the death of Iltutmish in 1236, a succession crisis arose within the dynasty. Several contenders vied for the throne, but Razia's brother Rukn ud-Din Firuz emerged victorious. However, he lacked the necessary qualities to rule effectively, and the nobles soon became dissatisfied with his leadership. Recognizing Razia's capabilities, the nobles rallied behind her and supported her claim to the throne.

Reign and Achievements
Razia Sultana ascended the throne as the Sultan of Delhi in 1236, becoming the first female ruler in the history of the Delhi Sultanate. She proved herself to be an able and just ruler, implementing various reforms and policies to strengthen her kingdom. Some of her notable achievements include:

1. Administrative Reforms: Razia introduced a merit-based system in her government, appointing individuals based on their competence rather than their social status or lineage. She removed corrupt officials and promoted efficient governance.

2. Military Exploits: Despite facing opposition from conservative factions, Razia led her army in several successful military campaigns. Her notable victories included the recapture of Bhatinda and the suppression of rebellions in various parts of her kingdom.

3. Public Works: Razia Sultana undertook numerous infrastructure projects, including the construction of roads, bridges, and public buildings. This contributed to the overall development and prosperity of Delhi.

Challenges and Downfall
Razia's reign was not without challenges. The conservative nobles and religious leaders were opposed to a female ruler, and they constantly undermined her authority. They resented her progressive policies and reforms, which they saw as a threat to their power and influence. Moreover, her romantic involvement with a slave-turned-nobleman, Malik Altunia, was met with disapproval.

In 1240, a rebellion led by some of the nobles and her own half-brother, Bahram Shah, put an end to Razia's reign. She was defeated in battle and captured. Although she was offered the opportunity to continue ruling as a figurehead, she refused and chose to live as a commoner. She eventually died in 1240.

Legacy
Razia Sultana's reign was short-lived but left a lasting impact on Indian history. Her rule challenged gender norms and paved the way for future female leaders. She remains an inspiration for women who aspire