The furrows discovered in the pre-Harappan phase at Kalibangan (Rajasthan) indicate that the fields were ploughed during the Harappan period. The Harappans probably used the wooden plough drawn by oxen and camels. The Indus people produced wheat, barley, ragi, peas etc

Answer:

Introduction:
The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was one of the most advanced ancient civilizations that flourished in the Indian subcontinent from approximately 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. The Harappan people were known for their well-planned cities, advanced drainage systems, and expertise in crafts such as pottery and metallurgy.

Identification of the Harappan site suggesting ploughing:
Among the given options, the Harappan site that suggests evidence of furrow or ploughing is Kalibangan (option A).

Evidence at Kalibangan:
1. Furrowed fields: Excavations at Kalibangan revealed a unique feature in the form of furrowed fields. These fields had a series of parallel furrows running across them, indicating the presence of a sophisticated system of agriculture. The furrows were created by using a plough, which was drawn by animals like oxen.

2. Ploughed soil: The presence of ploughed soil was identified during the excavation at Kalibangan. Soil samples from the site showed clear evidence of being turned over by a plough, indicating the use of agriculture techniques involving ploughing.

3. Agricultural tools: Numerous agricultural tools, including ploughshares, were found at Kalibangan. These tools were made of metals like copper and bronze, suggesting advanced metallurgical skills possessed by the Harappan people. The presence of these tools further strengthens the evidence of ploughing at the site.

Significance of ploughing in Harappan civilization:
The discovery of ploughed fields and agricultural tools at Kalibangan is significant in understanding the agricultural practices of the Harappan civilization. Ploughing played a crucial role in increasing agricultural productivity and was a major technological advancement during that time. It allowed the Harappan people to cultivate larger areas of land efficiently and cultivate crops more effectively.

Conclusion:
The presence of furrowed fields, ploughed soil, and agricultural tools at Kalibangan suggests the use of ploughing as an agricultural practice in the Harappan civilization. This discovery provides valuable insights into the advanced agricultural techniques employed by the Harappan people and their ability to sustain large urban populations.