Other than the Fundamental Rights, which of the following parts of the...
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948 consists of the following: The preamble sets out the historical and social causes that led to the necessity of drafting the Declaration.
- Articles 1–2 established the basic concepts of dignity, liberty, and equality.
- Articles 3–5 established other individual rights, such as the right to life and the prohibition of slavery and torture.
- Articles 6–11 refer to the fundamental legality of human rights with specific remedies cited for their defence when violated.
- Articles 12–17 established the rights of the individual towards the community, including freedom of movement.
- Articles 18–21 sanctioned the so-called "constitutional liberties" and spiritual, public, and political freedoms, such as freedom of thought, opinion, religion and conscience, word, and peaceful association of the individual.
- Articles 22–27 sanctioned an individual's economic, social and cultural rights, including healthcare. It upholds an expansive right to a standard of living, provides for additional accommodations in case of physical debilitation or disability, and makes special mention of care given to those in motherhood or childhood.
- Articles 28–30 established the general means of exercising these rights, the areas in which the rights of the individual cannot be applied, the duty of the individual to society, and the prohibition of the use of rights in contravention of the purposes of the United Nations Organization.
The Preamble of the constitution mentions about liberty, equality, fraternity, justice - social, economic, political and many such things which overlap with the 1948 declaration as seen in Articles 1-2, 18-21, etc. Similarly, the 1948 declaration thus talks of not just political rights but also of social and economic rights especially under Articles 22-27. In case of Indian constitution, these socio-economic rights are provided in the Directive Principles of state policy. Lastly, the declaration talks of not just rights but also duties of individual towards the society as seen in the Articles 28-30. Therefore, all the three parts reflect the spirit of the declaration.
Therefore the correct answer is (d).
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Other than the Fundamental Rights, which of the following parts of the...
The Constitution of India reflects the principles and provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) not only through Fundamental Rights but also through other parts of the Constitution. These are:
1. Preamble:
The Preamble of the Constitution of India reflects the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) in the following ways:
- It begins with the phrase "We, the people of India", which reflects the idea of popular sovereignty and democratic governance, which is also enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).
- It states that India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic, which reflects the principles of equality, liberty, and fraternity enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).
- It also highlights the objectives of justice, social, economic and political, and the promotion of the welfare of the people, which are in line with the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).
2. Directive Principles of State Policy:
The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) are a set of guidelines and principles for the government to follow in the governance of the country. The DPSPs reflect the principles and provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) in the following ways:
- Article 38 of the Constitution of India directs the State to promote the welfare of the people by securing social, economic and political justice, which is in line with the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).
- Article 39 of the Constitution of India directs the State to ensure that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as to subserve the common good, which reflects the principle of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) that everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work, and to protection against unemployment.
- Article 41 of the Constitution of India directs the State to provide public assistance to its citizens in case of unemployment, old age, sickness and disability, which reflects the principle of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) that everyone has the right to social security.
- Article 42 of the Constitution of India directs the State to make provisions for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief, which reflects the principle of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) that everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
3. Fundamental Duties:
The Fundamental Duties are a set of duties for citizens to follow in the governance of the country. The Fundamental Duties reflect the principles and provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) in the following ways:
- Article 51A(h) of the Constitution of India directs citizens to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform, which reflects the principle of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) that everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
- Article 51A(i) of the Constitution of India directs citizens to safeguard public property and to abjure violence, which reflects the principle of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) that everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
Therefore, all three parts of the Constitution of India - Preamble, Directive Principles of State Policy, and Fundamental Duties - reflect the principles and provisions of the Universal Declaration of
Other than the Fundamental Rights, which of the following parts of the...
D
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