The correct answer is option 'A', the Tropic of Cancer. The Tropic of Cancer is an imaginary line that lies at approximately 23.5 degrees north of the Equator. It is one of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth. Now, let's understand how the Tropic of Cancer divides India into two equal parts.

Geographical Location of India
India is located in the northern hemisphere, primarily between latitudes 8 degrees 4 minutes and 37 degrees 6 minutes north of the Equator. It stretches from the Himalayas in the north to the Indian Ocean in the south.

Dividing India into Two Equal Parts
When we consider the Tropic of Cancer, it passes through the central part of India, slightly to the south of the city of Bhopal, which is the capital of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. This means that the Tropic of Cancer divides India into two equal parts - the northern part and the southern part.

- Northern Part: The northern part of India lies above the Tropic of Cancer. It includes states like Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and parts of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal.

- Southern Part: The southern part of India lies below the Tropic of Cancer. It includes states like Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, and parts of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal.

The Tropic of Cancer divides India into two almost equal parts in terms of land area. However, it is important to note that the population distribution in India is not evenly divided between the north and south regions. The northern part of India is more densely populated compared to the southern part.

Summary:
The Tropic of Cancer, an imaginary line located at approximately 23.5 degrees north of the Equator, divides India into two nearly equal parts. The northern part lies above the Tropic of Cancer, while the southern part lies below it. However, it is essential to consider that population distribution in India is not evenly divided between the north and south regions.