The terms genotype and phenotype were introduced by :-a)Batesonb)Darwinc)Johannsend)MendelCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Johannsen introduced the concepts genotype and phenotype in 1909 in his textbook on heredity research, titled Elemente der exakten Ereblichkeitslehre (The Elements of an Exact Theory of Heredity).

Answer

Johannsen introduced the concepts genotype and phenotype in 1909 in his textbook on heredity research, titled Elemente der exakten Ereblichkeitslehre (The Elements of an Exact Theory of Heredity), and he developed them more fully in a 1911 paper titled “The Genotype Conception of Heredity”.

Answer

C is the correct option..

Answer

Introduction:
The terms genotype and phenotype are commonly used in the field of genetics to describe the genetic makeup and physical characteristics of an organism. These terms were introduced by Wilhelm Johannsen, a Danish botanist and geneticist, in the early 20th century.

Explanation:
Wilhelm Johannsen is credited with introducing the terms genotype and phenotype in his work on the study of heredity in plants. He first used these terms in his publication titled 'Elemente der Exakten Erblichkeitslehre' (The Elements of Exact Heredity) in 1909.

Genotype:
The term 'genotype' refers to the genetic constitution of an organism. It represents the complete set of genes present in an individual, including both the dominant and recessive alleles. These genes determine the inherited traits and characteristics of an organism. Genotype is not directly observable and can only be determined through genetic analysis.

Phenotype:
On the other hand, the term 'phenotype' refers to the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism. It includes the traits that can be seen, such as height, eye color, and hair type, as well as the traits that can be measured, such as blood type or enzyme activity. Phenotype is the result of the interaction between the organism's genotype and its environment.

Example:
To understand the difference between genotype and phenotype, let's consider an example of flower color in pea plants. The genotype of a pea plant can be either homozygous dominant (PP), homozygous recessive (pp), or heterozygous (Pp) for the flower color gene. The phenotype, on the other hand, can be purple (dominant allele) or white (recessive allele) depending on the combination of alleles present in the genotype.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Wilhelm Johannsen introduced the terms genotype and phenotype in the early 20th century to describe the genetic makeup and observable characteristics of organisms. Genotype represents the genetic constitution, while phenotype represents the physical or biochemical traits. Understanding these terms is crucial in the field of genetics as they help in studying inheritance patterns and genetic variations in organisms.

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