Caste hierarchy refers to a ladder-like formation in which all caste groups are placed from the highest to the lowest. It is a social stratification system prevalent in certain societies, particularly in India, where individuals are born into a particular caste and their social status is determined by birth.

Caste System in India:
The caste system in India is a complex social structure that has been in existence for centuries. It is deeply rooted in Hindu religious beliefs and has influenced social, economic, and political aspects of Indian society. The system categorizes individuals into different castes based on their birth and assigns them specific roles, privileges, and restrictions.

Hierarchical Structure:
The caste system is organized in a hierarchical manner, with Brahmins (priests and scholars) at the top, followed by Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (merchants and farmers), and Shudras (laborers and servants). Each of these major castes is further divided into numerous sub-castes.

Untouchables or Dalits:
Outside this four-fold varna system are the Dalits, formerly known as untouchables, who are considered beyond the caste hierarchy. They have traditionally been assigned menial and degrading tasks and have faced severe discrimination and social exclusion.

Occupational Division:
The caste system is closely associated with occupational divisions, with each caste being traditionally associated with a specific occupation or trade. This occupational division is often rigid, with limited opportunities for individuals to move out of their assigned caste occupations.

Social Status and Privileges:
The caste hierarchy determines an individual's social status, privileges, and access to resources. Higher castes are accorded more respect, power, and authority, while lower castes face discrimination, social stigma, and limited opportunities for upward mobility.

Impact on Society:
The caste hierarchy perpetuates social inequality and hinders social mobility. It leads to the marginalization and oppression of lower castes, limiting their access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities. Discrimination based on caste still persists in various spheres of life, despite legal measures to abolish untouchability and promote equality.

Conclusion:
The caste hierarchy in India is a deeply ingrained social structure that has shaped the lives of individuals for centuries. It is a system of social stratification that places individuals into specific castes based on their birth, with each caste having its own social status, privileges, and restrictions. Although efforts have been made to address the inequalities arising from the caste system, it remains a significant challenge for Indian society.