The external trade of the Sangam people was primarily carried on with the Romans. The Sangam period refers to the period in the history of South India, specifically the Tamil region, from around 300 BCE to 300 CE. During this time, the Tamil people had extensive trade relations with various foreign powers, and the Romans were one of the major trading partners.

Trade with the Romans:
- The Romans had a keen interest in the trade of precious gems, spices, and textiles from the Tamil region. They were particularly attracted to pearls, diamonds, and sapphires, which were highly valued in the Roman Empire.
- The Sangam people exported various goods to the Roman Empire, including textiles like silk, cotton, and muslin, as well as spices such as pepper, cardamom, and cinnamon. These commodities were in high demand in the Roman markets.
- The Romans, in return, exported goods like wine, glassware, and gold coins to the Tamil region.
- The trade between the Sangam people and the Romans was conducted through the ports of Musiri (modern-day Kodungallur) and Korkai (located in present-day Tamil Nadu). These ports served as important trade hubs, facilitating the exchange of goods between the two regions.
- The Sangam literature, particularly the poems and songs composed during this period, provide valuable insights into the trade relations between the Tamil people and the Romans. These literary works mention the arrival of Roman ships laden with goods and describe the bustling trade activities in the ports.
- The Sangam people also had cultural exchanges with the Romans. Roman artifacts such as coins, pottery, and jewelry have been found in archaeological excavations in the Tamil region, indicating the presence of Roman influence.

In conclusion, the external trade of the Sangam people was primarily carried on with the Romans. This trade relationship was mutually beneficial, with the Sangam people exporting valuable goods like gems, spices, and textiles to the Roman Empire, while importing goods like wine, glassware, and gold coins. The trade was facilitated through the ports of Musiri and Korkai, and cultural exchanges between the two regions also took place.