The European Power that controlled Chandernagore and Puducherry in the context of Modern Indian Political History is France.

Background:
During the 17th and 18th centuries, European powers, including the French, Dutch, Portuguese, and British, began to establish trading posts and fortifications along the Indian coast. These European powers competed with each other for trade and territory in India, leading to conflicts and wars.

Chandernagore:
Chandernagore, located in present-day West Bengal, was a French colony from 1673 to 1952. It was established as a trading post and became an important center for French trade in India. The French also built several monuments and buildings in Chandernagore, including the Sacred Heart Church and the Dupleix Palace.

Puducherry:
Puducherry, also known as Pondicherry, was a French colony from 1674 to 1954. It was initially established as a trading post but became a major center for French education and culture in India. The French built several buildings and monuments in Puducherry, including the French Institute and the Romain Rolland Library.

French Influence in India:
The French had a significant influence on Indian culture and society, particularly in Puducherry. They introduced Western-style education and contributed to the development of Indian literature and art. The French also played a role in India's struggle for independence, with many Indian nationalist leaders, including Jawaharlal Nehru, visiting Puducherry to meet with French officials.

Conclusion:
In summary, Chandernagore and Puducherry were in the control of the French in the context of Modern Indian Political History. These French colonies played an important role in India's history and contributed to the development of Indian culture and society.