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Which of the following are correctly matched:


1. Oligotrophic - very high nutrients


2. Mesotrophic - moderate nutrients


3. Eutrophic - very low nutrients


Which of these statements are correct?

  • a)
    1 and 2 Only

  • b)
    2 and 3 Only

  • c)
    1 and 3 Only

  • d)
    2 only

Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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Verified Answer
Which of the following are correctly matched:1. Oligotrophic - very hi...
  • Lakes are also classified based on their water chemistry. Based on the levels of salinity, they are known as Freshwater, Brackish or Saline lakes (similar to that of classification of the aquatic ecosystem).
  • Based on their nutrient content, they are categorized as Oligotrophic (very low nutrients), Mesotrophic (moderate nutrients) and Eutrophic (highly nutrient-rich). • Vast majority of lakes in India are either eutrophic or mesotrophic because of the nutrients derived from their surroundings or organic wastes entering them.
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Most Upvoted Answer
Which of the following are correctly matched:1. Oligotrophic - very hi...
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The correct answer is option 'D' - 2 only.

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1. Oligotrophic - very high nutrients
This statement is incorrect. Oligotrophic refers to an environment that has very low nutrient levels. Oligotrophic environments are typically characterized by clear water, low levels of organic matter, and low concentrations of dissolved nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. These environments often have limited primary productivity and support a small number of species.

2. Mesotrophic - moderate nutrients
This statement is correct. Mesotrophic refers to an environment that has moderate nutrient levels. Mesotrophic environments have an intermediate level of nutrients compared to oligotrophic and eutrophic environments. They can support a moderate level of primary productivity and typically have a diverse range of species.

3. Eutrophic - very low nutrients
This statement is incorrect. Eutrophic refers to an environment that has high nutrient levels. Eutrophic environments are characterized by high levels of organic matter and elevated concentrations of dissolved nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. These environments often have high primary productivity and can support a large number of species.

In summary, the correct matching is:

1. Oligotrophic - very low nutrients
2. Mesotrophic - moderate nutrients
3. Eutrophic - high nutrients

Therefore, option 'D' - 2 only, is the correct answer.
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Directions for the following 7 (seven) items: Read the following two passages and answer the items that follow each passage. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.Passage -1The law in many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses. The simplest and often the most economically sound practice returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry. This dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred III a more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into fertilizer. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again by the vegetation.The excess input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus - based, from agricultural runoff (and human sewag e) has caused many healthy oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by bloomforming toxic species). This makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. Thus, important ecosystem services are lost, including the provisioning service of wild-caught fish and the cultural services associated with recreation.The process of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time. But only recently did scientists notice huge dead zones in the oceans near river outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China. The nutrient-enriched water flows through streams, rivers and lakes, and eventually to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km2 in extent. More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fuelled particularly by nitrogen from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. Oceanic dead zones are typically associated withindustrialized nations and usually lie off- countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase productivity and use more fertilizer.Q.According to the passage, why should the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses be restricted?1. Losing nutrients in this way is not a good practice economically.2. Watercourses do not contain the microorganisms that can decompose organic components of agricultural slurry.3. The discharge may lead to the eutrophication of water bodies.

Passage -1The law in many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses. The simplest and often the most economically sound practice returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry. This dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred III a more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into fertilizer. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again by the vegetation.The excess input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus - based, from agricultural runoff (and human sewag e) has caused many healthy oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by bloomforming toxic species). This makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. Thus, important ecosystem services are lost, including the provisioning service of wild-caught fish and the cultural services associated with recreation.The process of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time. But only recently did scientists notice huge dead zones in the oceans near river outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China. The nutrient-enriched water flows through streams, rivers and lakes, and eventually to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km2 in extent. More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fuelled particularly by nitrogen from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. Oceanic dead zones are typically associated withindustrialized nations and usually lie off- countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase productivity and use more fertilizer.Q.What is/are the characteristics of a water body with cultural eutrophication?1. Loss of ecosystem services2. Loss of flora and fauna3. Loss of mineral nutrients

Passage -1The law in many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses. The simplest and often the most economically sound practice returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry. This dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred III a more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into fertilizer. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again by the vegetation.The excess input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus - based, from agricultural runoff (and human sewag e) has caused many healthy oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by bloomforming toxic species). This makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. Thus, important ecosystem services are lost, including the provisioning service of wild-caught fish and the cultural services associated with recreation.The process of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time. But only recently did scientists notice huge dead zones in the oceans near river outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China. The nutrient-enriched water flows through streams, rivers and lakes, and eventually to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km2 in extent. More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fuelled particularly by nitrogen from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. Oceanic dead zones are typically associated withindustrialized nations and usually lie off- countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase productivity and use more fertilizer.Q.According to the passage, what are the effects of indiscriminate use of fertilizers?1. Addition of pollutants to the soil and water.2. Destruction decomposer of microorganisms in soil.3. Nutrient enrichment of water bodies.4. Creation of algal blooms.

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Which of the following are correctly matched:1. Oligotrophic - very high nutrients2. Mesotrophic - moderate nutrients3. Eutrophic - very low nutrientsWhich of these statements are correct?a)1 and 2 Onlyb)2 and 3 Onlyc)1 and 3 Onlyd)2 onlyCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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Which of the following are correctly matched:1. Oligotrophic - very high nutrients2. Mesotrophic - moderate nutrients3. Eutrophic - very low nutrientsWhich of these statements are correct?a)1 and 2 Onlyb)2 and 3 Onlyc)1 and 3 Onlyd)2 onlyCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? for UPSC 2025 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about Which of the following are correctly matched:1. Oligotrophic - very high nutrients2. Mesotrophic - moderate nutrients3. Eutrophic - very low nutrientsWhich of these statements are correct?a)1 and 2 Onlyb)2 and 3 Onlyc)1 and 3 Onlyd)2 onlyCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Which of the following are correctly matched:1. Oligotrophic - very high nutrients2. Mesotrophic - moderate nutrients3. Eutrophic - very low nutrientsWhich of these statements are correct?a)1 and 2 Onlyb)2 and 3 Onlyc)1 and 3 Onlyd)2 onlyCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?.
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